CRC Research Methods 4

Question 1

When a measurement tool consistently measures the same construct across different subgroups (e.g., racial groups), this property is called:

Accepted Answer

Measurement invariance

Answer

Measurement invariance confirms that a scale functions equivalently across different groups, enabling fair comparisons.

Question 2

In ethics of research, the Belmont Report principle of justice primarily requires that:

Accepted Answer

Research benefits and burdens be distributed fairly across populations

Answer

The justice principle mandates equitable selection of research participants so no group bears disproportionate research burdens.

Question 3

A researcher finds that a new assessment tool correlates highly with an established gold-standard measure of the same construct. This supports:

Accepted Answer

Concurrent criterion validity

Answer

Concurrent criterion validity is established when a new measure correlates strongly with a recognized criterion measured at the same time.

Question 4

In meta-analysis, publication bias occurs because:

Accepted Answer

Studies with significant findings are more likely to be published than null findings

Answer

Publication bias inflates meta-analytic effect size estimates because non-significant results often remain unpublished.

Question 5

An ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) is used to:

Accepted Answer

Control for a continuous variable while comparing group means

Answer

ANCOVA statistically controls for covariates to reduce error variance and produce cleaner group comparisons.

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