CRC Psychosocial Adjustment 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is an example of a tertiary loss following disability onset?
- Loss of physical function
- Loss of employment
- Loss of sense of future possibilities (Correct answer)
- Loss of a specific organ
Correct answer: Loss of sense of future possibilities
Tertiary losses are abstract losses such as loss of dreams, future plans, and sense of possibility that follow from primary physical losses.
Question 2: The concept of 'normalization' in rehabilitation refers to:
- Making clients conform to non-disabled standards
- Helping clients establish life patterns as close to typical community life as possible (Correct answer)
- Statistical normalization of disability prevalence data
- Normalizing the experience of grief after disability
Correct answer: Helping clients establish life patterns as close to typical community life as possible
Normalization aims to help individuals with disabilities access and participate in typical community activities and life patterns.
Question 3: A client with a newly acquired hearing loss avoids social gatherings due to communication difficulties. This behavioral pattern is best described as:
- Secondary disability
- Activity restriction
- Social withdrawal secondary to disability (Correct answer)
- Functional overlay
Correct answer: Social withdrawal secondary to disability
Social withdrawal secondary to disability refers to the avoidance of social situations that arise as a psychosocial consequence of the primary disability.
Question 4: Which theoretical model proposes that stress results from a mismatch between environmental demands and individual resources?
- Minority stress model
- Transactional model of stress and coping (Correct answer)
- Diathesis-stress model
- Conservation of resources theory
Correct answer: Transactional model of stress and coping
Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model proposes that stress arises from the person's appraisal of whether environmental demands exceed their coping resources.
Question 5: When a client with a progressive disease says 'I feel fine now so I don't need to plan for the future,' the counselor should recognize this as:
- Appropriate optimism
- Denial as a coping mechanism requiring further assessment (Correct answer)
- Acceptance of current functioning
- Motivational readiness for change
Correct answer: Denial as a coping mechanism requiring further assessment
Refusing to plan for future decline despite a progressive condition may indicate denial that could interfere with timely rehabilitation planning.
Question 6: The minority stress model, applied to disability, suggests that excess stress among people with disabilities is primarily caused by:
- The biological nature of their conditions
- Stigma, discrimination, and hostile social environments (Correct answer)
- Genetic predisposition to mental health conditions
- Lack of access to medical care
Correct answer: Stigma, discrimination, and hostile social environments
The minority stress model attributes excess psychological distress in marginalized groups to chronic exposure to stigma, prejudice, and discrimination.
Question 7: Which of the following best describes 'adaptation' versus 'adjustment' in rehabilitation psychology?
- Adjustment is long-term; adaptation is immediate
- Adaptation involves environmental modification; adjustment involves psychological change (Correct answer)
- They are interchangeable terms with identical meanings
- Adjustment implies cure; adaptation implies management
Correct answer: Adaptation involves environmental modification; adjustment involves psychological change
Adaptation refers to modifying the environment to fit the person, while adjustment refers to the psychological process of coming to terms with disability.
CRC Psychosocial Adjustment 4
Which of the following is an example of a tertiary loss following disability onset?