CRC Counseling Theory 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The 'miracle question' is a central technique in which counseling approach?
- Psychodynamic therapy
- Solution-focused brief therapy (Correct answer)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Existential therapy
Correct answer: Solution-focused brief therapy
The miracle question, developed by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg, asks clients to imagine a future where their problem is solved, helping to clarify goals without focusing on problems.
Question 2: According to Carl Rogers, which three core conditions are necessary and sufficient for therapeutic change?
- Empathy, confrontation, and self-disclosure
- Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence (Correct answer)
- Active listening, positive reinforcement, and goal-setting
- Genuineness, interpretation, and transference analysis
Correct answer: Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence
Rogers identified empathy, unconditional positive regard (acceptance), and congruence (genuineness) as the three core facilitative conditions for therapeutic growth.
Question 3: A CRC counselor notices a client's stated goal contradicts their actions. From a motivational interviewing (MI) perspective, this is called:
- Cognitive distortion
- Ambivalence (Correct answer)
- Resistance
- Incongruence
Correct answer: Ambivalence
In MI, ambivalence is the normal state of simultaneously wanting and not wanting to change, and is the primary focus of the motivational interviewing process.
Question 4: Which theorist is credited with developing the concept of 'self-efficacy' that is frequently applied in rehabilitation counseling?
- Carl Rogers
- Albert Bandura (Correct answer)
- Aaron Beck
- Erik Erikson
Correct answer: Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura developed self-efficacy theory as part of social cognitive theory, describing a person's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce outcomes.
Question 5: In feminist therapy, the phrase 'the personal is political' means:
- Clients should engage in political activism as part of treatment
- Individual psychological problems are connected to social and political structures (Correct answer)
- Therapists should disclose their political views to build rapport
- Counseling goals should be determined by societal needs rather than personal ones
Correct answer: Individual psychological problems are connected to social and political structures
This core feminist therapy principle holds that clients' personal struggles (depression, anxiety, trauma) are often rooted in oppressive social and political systems, not just individual pathology.
Question 6: When a rehabilitation counselor helps a client examine automatic thoughts using a thought record, this reflects which theoretical model?
- Psychoanalytic therapy
- Cognitive therapy (Beck) (Correct answer)
- Behavioral activation
- Narrative therapy
Correct answer: Cognitive therapy (Beck)
Thought records are a structured CBT/cognitive therapy tool developed by Aaron Beck to help clients identify, evaluate, and restructure automatic negative thoughts.
Question 7: The concept of 'individuation' in Jungian analytical psychology refers to:
- Separating from enmeshed family relationships
- The process of integrating unconscious aspects to achieve wholeness (Correct answer)
- Developing a unique behavioral repertoire through reinforcement
- Establishing a distinct cultural identity separate from societal norms
Correct answer: The process of integrating unconscious aspects to achieve wholeness
Jung defined individuation as the lifelong process of integrating conscious and unconscious elements of the psyche, including the shadow, anima/animus, and self, to achieve psychological wholeness.
CRC Counseling Theory 3
The 'miracle question' is a central technique in which counseling approach?