CRC Counseling Theory 2 â Questions and Answers
Question 1: In Adlerian therapy, the concept of 'fictional finalism' refers to:
- Unresolved childhood memories that distort reality
- Imagined future goals that guide present behavior (Correct answer)
- Defense mechanisms used to avoid social interaction
- The therapist's role in reframing client narratives
Correct answer: Imagined future goals that guide present behavior
Fictional finalism is Adler's concept that people are motivated by self-created ideals and goals about how life should be, even if those goals are unrealistic.
Question 2: Which technique is most associated with Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?
- Free association
- Disputing irrational beliefs (Correct answer)
- Systematic desensitization
- Unconditional positive regard
Correct answer: Disputing irrational beliefs
REBT, developed by Albert Ellis, centers on identifying and actively disputing irrational beliefs (the 'D' in the ABC-DE model) that cause emotional disturbance.
Question 3: A rehabilitation counselor using a reality therapy approach would primarily focus on:
- Exploring unconscious conflicts from early childhood
- Helping the client identify and fulfill basic psychological needs (Correct answer)
- Interpreting dreams and free associations
- Analyzing transference reactions in the therapeutic relationship
Correct answer: Helping the client identify and fulfill basic psychological needs
Reality therapy (Glasser) focuses on helping clients take responsibility for meeting their basic needsâsurvival, love, power, freedom, and funâthrough effective choices.
Question 4: The 'empty chair' technique is a hallmark intervention of which theoretical orientation?
- Behavioral therapy
- Gestalt therapy (Correct answer)
- Psychoanalytic therapy
- Solution-focused therapy
Correct answer: Gestalt therapy
The empty chair technique, developed by Fritz Perls, is a Gestalt therapy intervention that allows clients to dialogue with parts of themselves or significant others.
Question 5: In cognitive therapy (Beck), a 'cognitive schema' is best defined as:
- A behavioral reinforcement pattern established in childhood
- A core belief or template that shapes how information is interpreted (Correct answer)
- An unconscious defense mechanism triggered by anxiety
- A therapeutic homework assignment to test beliefs
Correct answer: A core belief or template that shapes how information is interpreted
Cognitive schemas are stable, core beliefs or mental frameworks developed through experience that filter and organize how individuals interpret new information.
Question 6: Which of the following best describes the existential concept of 'throwness' (Geworfenheit) as applied in counseling?
- The client's resistance to therapeutic change
- The given conditions of one's existence that cannot be chosen (Correct answer)
- The therapist's technique of confronting client avoidance
- A method of exploring past trauma through narrative
Correct answer: The given conditions of one's existence that cannot be chosen
Throwness refers to the unchosen circumstances of one's birth and existence (family, culture, body) that form the factual basis from which one must exercise freedom.
Question 7: In transactional analysis, a 'life script' is:
- A written treatment plan developed collaboratively with the client
- An unconscious life plan decided in childhood based on parental messages (Correct answer)
- A set of behavioral contracts the client agrees to follow
- A technique for recording and reviewing session transcripts
Correct answer: An unconscious life plan decided in childhood based on parental messages
Eric Berne defined life scripts as unconscious plans formed in childhood, based on parental injunctions and decisions, that guide the person's life trajectory.
CRC Counseling Theory 2
In Adlerian therapy, the concept of 'fictional finalism' refers to: