CRC CRC Accessibility Laws & CART Services 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following best describes 'effective communication' as required under the ADA for service providers working with deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals?
- Communication that is fast and inexpensive
- Communication that is as effective as communication with non-disabled individuals (Correct answer)
- Communication provided only upon written request
- Communication offered exclusively via written notes
Correct answer: Communication that is as effective as communication with non-disabled individuals
The ADA defines effective communication as communication that is equally effective for people with disabilities as it is for people without disabilities, using appropriate auxiliary aids and services.
Question 2: A school district must provide CART services to a student who is hard of hearing. Under which law is this primarily required?
- Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (Correct answer)
- ADA Title IV
- Communications Act of 1934
Correct answer: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
IDEA requires public schools to provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to students with disabilities, which may include CART services as a related service or accommodation in the IEP.
Question 3: Under the ADA, who generally has the authority to determine which auxiliary aid or service will be provided to a deaf or hard-of-hearing individual?
- The consumer always chooses the specific aid
- The covered entity, in consultation with the consumer (Correct answer)
- The state government mandates the aid type
- The healthcare provider decides independently
Correct answer: The covered entity, in consultation with the consumer
While the covered entity makes the final determination of which auxiliary aid to provide, the ADA requires that the entity give primary consideration to the expressed preferences of the individual with a disability.
Question 4: Which federal regulation specifically requires closed captioning on television programming in the United States?
- ADA Title III
- Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA) (Correct answer)
- Section 255 of the Telecommunications Act
- Emergency Alert System Rules
Correct answer: Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)
The CVAA, signed in 2010, expanded captioning requirements to include online video and internet-delivered content, complementing the original TV captioning rules under the FCC.
Question 5: What does the term 'undue burden' mean in the context of ADA accessibility requirements for CART services?
- Any cost associated with providing CART
- A significant difficulty or expense relative to the entity's resources (Correct answer)
- Any service that takes more than one hour to arrange
- A burden placed on the consumer to request services
Correct answer: A significant difficulty or expense relative to the entity's resources
Under the ADA, 'undue burden' means significant difficulty or expense when considered in relation to the entity's size, resources, and the nature of its operations—not merely any inconvenience or cost.
Question 6: Which type of CART service involves a captioner attending an event in person and displaying text on a screen visible to the consumer?
- Remote CART
- Broadcast CART
- Onsite CART (Correct answer)
- Delayed CART
Correct answer: Onsite CART
Onsite CART refers to the captioner physically attending the event and providing realtime text display directly at the location, allowing the consumer to view captions on a screen in real time.
CRC CRC Accessibility Laws & CART Services 2
Which of the following best describes 'effective communication' as required under the ADA for service providers working with deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals?