Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis Flashcards

Which statistical measure quantifies the degree of inconsistency among studies in a meta-analysis?

Answer: I² statistic

The I² statistic estimates the proportion of total variation across studies attributable to heterogeneity rather than chance.

A funnel plot in meta-analysis is primarily used to detect:

Answer: Publication bias

Funnel plots display study effect sizes against their standard errors, and asymmetry suggests potential publication bias.

In a systematic review, what does a PRISMA flow diagram document?

Answer: The number of records identified, screened, and included/excluded

PRISMA flow diagrams transparently track the study selection process from initial database searches through final inclusion.

Which model assumes that the true effect size varies across studies and should be used when substantial heterogeneity exists?

Answer: Random-effects model

The random-effects model accounts for between-study variance (τ²), making it appropriate when studies estimate different underlying true effects.

The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2) assesses bias across which domain specific to randomization?

Answer: Bias arising from the randomization process

RoB 2's first domain evaluates whether the randomization sequence was adequately generated and concealed.

When two independent reviewers disagree on study inclusion in a systematic review, the recommended resolution method is:

Answer: Discussion until consensus or third-reviewer arbitration

Consensus discussion, with arbitration by a third reviewer if needed, maintains objectivity and reduces individual reviewer bias.

Which approach involves updating a systematic review as new evidence emerges, without a fixed end date?

Answer: Living systematic review

Living systematic reviews are continuously updated, making them especially valuable for fast-moving research areas or clinical guidelines.