Quantitative & Qualitative Methods Flashcards
7 cards from real CRA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Quantitative & Qualitative Methods flashcards as text
The p-value in a hypothesis test represents:
Answer: The probability of obtaining results as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true
The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as (or more extreme than) the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
A researcher conducting focus groups ensures that participants within each group share similar backgrounds. This practice is called:
Answer: Homogeneous purposive sampling
Homogeneous purposive sampling selects participants with shared characteristics to enable comfortable group interaction and focused discussion.
Which nonparametric test is the appropriate alternative to a paired-samples t-test?
Answer: Wilcoxon signed-rank test
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is the nonparametric equivalent of the paired-samples t-test, used when the normality assumption is violated.
In qualitative research, member checking is used primarily to:
Answer: Have participants review and confirm the accuracy of interpretations
Member checking enhances credibility by returning findings or interpretations to participants to confirm that they accurately reflect their experiences.
A researcher is comparing the average test scores of three or more independent groups. The most appropriate statistical test is:
Answer: One-way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA tests whether the means of three or more independent groups differ significantly while controlling the overall Type I error rate.
Which concept in qualitative research refers to the researcher's conscious effort to set aside personal assumptions and preconceptions before data collection?
Answer: Bracketing (epoché)
Bracketing, derived from phenomenological philosophy, requires researchers to suspend their preconceptions to remain open to participants' authentic accounts.
Effect size in quantitative research is important because it:
Answer: Indicates the practical or substantive magnitude of a finding, independent of sample size
Effect size quantifies the magnitude of a relationship or difference, providing practical significance that statistical significance alone cannot convey.