Data Collection & Analysis Flashcards

Which type of measurement scale has a true zero point, allowing meaningful ratio comparisons?

Answer: Ratio

Ratio scales have a true zero point, enabling statements like 'twice as much,' unlike interval scales which lack a meaningful zero.

A researcher wants to collect data from every tenth person on a list. This technique is called:

Answer: Systematic sampling

Systematic sampling selects every nth element from a list, providing a structured and efficient probability-based approach.

In a research dataset, an outlier is best described as:

Answer: A value that falls far outside the typical range of observations

Outliers are data points that deviate markedly from the overall pattern and can distort statistical analyses if not properly addressed.

Which statistical test is most appropriate for comparing means across three or more independent groups?

Answer: One-way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA compares means across three or more independent groups while controlling the Type I error rate better than multiple t-tests.

The Hawthorne Effect refers to participants changing their behavior because:

Answer: They know they are being observed

The Hawthorne Effect occurs when participants alter their behavior simply due to awareness of being observed, introducing a form of response bias.

When a survey item asks 'Do you agree that our excellent product improved your life?', this is an example of:

Answer: A leading question

Leading questions include embedded assumptions or wording that nudges respondents toward a particular answer, threatening response validity.

Which data collection method is most susceptible to social desirability bias?

Answer: Self-report questionnaires

Self-report questionnaires allow participants to consciously or unconsciously present themselves in a more favorable light, increasing social desirability bias.