(CQE) Fundamentals Flashcards

Which of the following BEST describes 'concurrent engineering' in a product development context?

Answer: Simultaneous development of product and process design to reduce time-to-market

Concurrent engineering involves simultaneous development of product and process design, reducing cycle time and catching issues earlier.

In Design of Experiments (DOE), a 'full factorial' design means:

Answer: Every possible combination of factor levels is tested

A full factorial design tests all possible combinations of every factor level, allowing estimation of all main effects and interactions.

The acceptable quality limit (AQL) in a sampling plan represents:

Answer: The worst quality level still considered acceptable for routine acceptance

AQL is the worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of lots is submitted for acceptance sampling.

Which of the following quality improvement methodologies follows the DMAIC problem-solving framework?

Answer: Six Sigma

Six Sigma uses the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework for structured problem solving and process improvement.

A process produces 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO). This corresponds to which sigma level?

Answer: 6 sigma

Six Sigma quality by definition corresponds to 3.4 DPMO, which accounts for a 1.5 sigma long-term process shift.

When conducting a supplier audit, which of the following findings would be classified as a MAJOR nonconformance?

Answer: Absence of a critical quality control step required by contract

Absence of a contractually required quality control step represents a systemic failure that directly threatens product conformity — a major nonconformance.

The concept of 'mistake-proofing' or 'poka-yoke' was developed as part of which quality system?

Answer: Toyota Production System (TPS)

Poka-yoke was developed by Shigeo Shingo as part of the Toyota Production System to prevent human errors from causing defects.