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Electrical & Mechanical Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real CPT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Electrical & Mechanical Fundamentals flashcards as text

  1. A production machine's motor draws 20 amps at 480V, 3-phase. What is the approximate apparent power (kVA)?

    Answer: 16.6 kVA

    For 3-phase: kVA = (V × A × √3) / 1000 = (480 × 20 × 1.732) / 1000 ≈ 16.6 kVA.

  2. What type of mechanical seal failure is indicated by a dry, powdery residue at the seal face?

    Answer: Inadequate fluid film leading to dry running and face damage

    A powdery residue (often called 'salt deposits') at the seal face indicates the seal is running dry without adequate fluid film, causing accelerated face wear.

  3. Which type of electrical motor is most commonly found in industrial production equipment due to its simple, robust construction and low maintenance?

    Answer: Three-phase AC induction motor

    The three-phase AC induction motor dominates industry because it has no brushes or commutators to maintain, is highly reliable, and runs directly from standard industrial power.

  4. What is 'cavitation' in a centrifugal pump and what damage does it cause?

    Answer: Formation and collapse of vapor bubbles that erodes pump impeller

    Cavitation occurs when local pressure drops below fluid vapor pressure, forming bubbles that implode violently when pressure recovers, pitting and eroding the impeller surface.

  5. In a pneumatic system, what happens when the supply pressure drops significantly below the regulator's set point?

    Answer: Actuator speed and force output decrease

    A regulator can only reduce pressure, not boost it; if supply pressure drops below the set point, downstream pressure falls accordingly, reducing actuator force and speed.

  6. What is the primary advantage of using a variable frequency drive (VFD) to control a conveyor motor?

    Answer: VFDs allow precise speed control and significant energy savings at partial load

    VFDs control motor speed by varying output frequency, enabling soft starts, precise speed adjustment, and substantial energy savings since power consumption drops steeply at reduced speeds.

  7. When installing a new roller chain, the master link's clip (cotterpin) should be installed with the closed end:

    Answer: Facing in the direction of chain travel

    The closed end of the master link clip must face the direction of chain travel so that chain movement forces the clip onto its retaining groove rather than off it.