CPS Risk & Protective Factors 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is considered an individual-level risk factor for substance use?
- Strong family bonds
- Early aggressive behavior (Correct answer)
- Access to community resources
- Positive peer relationships
Correct answer: Early aggressive behavior
Early aggressive behavior is a well-documented individual-level risk factor associated with increased likelihood of substance use and other problem behaviors.
Question 2: Which of the following best describes a protective factor in prevention science?
- A characteristic that increases the likelihood of problem behavior
- A condition or attribute that reduces the impact of risk factors (Correct answer)
- A demographic variable associated with substance abuse
- A stressor that challenges individual coping capacity
Correct answer: A condition or attribute that reduces the impact of risk factors
Protective factors are conditions or attributes that reduce the impact of risk factors and decrease the likelihood of developing problem behaviors.
Question 3: Which family characteristic is a recognized risk factor for adolescent substance use?
- Consistent discipline and monitoring
- Strong parental attachment
- Family history of substance use disorders (Correct answer)
- Clear family rules about drug use
Correct answer: Family history of substance use disorders
A family history of substance use disorders is a significant risk factor as it increases genetic vulnerability and can normalize substance use behaviors.
Question 4: The Social Development Model emphasizes which primary protective pathway against problem behaviors?
- Reducing physical access to substances in the community
- Bonding to prosocial institutions and individuals (Correct answer)
- Increasing punitive consequences for drug use
- Implementing school-based drug testing programs
Correct answer: Bonding to prosocial institutions and individuals
The Social Development Model emphasizes bonding to prosocial institutions such as family, school, and community as the primary protective pathway against problem behaviors.
Question 5: In the ecological model, which level addresses risk and protective factors within school and peer environments?
- Individual
- Microsystem (Correct answer)
- Macrosystem
- Chronosystem
Correct answer: Microsystem
The microsystem level of the ecological model includes immediate environments such as school, family, and peer groups where direct social interactions occur.
Question 6: Which of the following is a well-established peer-level risk factor for adolescent substance use?
- Peer refusal skills training
- Association with drug-using peers (Correct answer)
- Participation in after-school activities
- Strong academic achievement
Correct answer: Association with drug-using peers
Association with drug-using peers is one of the strongest peer-level risk factors, as peers directly model and reinforce substance use behaviors.
Question 7: What is 'cumulative risk' in the context of prevention science?
- The total cost of substance abuse treatment in a community
- The combined effect of multiple co-occurring risk factors that increases problem behavior probability (Correct answer)
- The sum of protective factors needed to offset individual risk
- The progression of substance use from experimental to dependent patterns
Correct answer: The combined effect of multiple co-occurring risk factors that increases problem behavior probability
Cumulative risk refers to the combined and often multiplicative effect of multiple co-occurring risk factors that significantly elevates the probability of problem behaviors.
CPS Risk & Protective Factors 1
Which of the following is considered an individual-level risk factor for substance use?