Analysis & Optimization Flashcards

Which simulation method is best suited for analyzing the effect of random variation in a complex process with multiple interdependent steps?

Answer: Monte Carlo simulation

Monte Carlo simulation runs thousands of iterations with randomly sampled input values to model the probabilistic behavior of complex systems.

A process produces 500 units; 30 have at least one defect and 12 units are scrapped. What is the first pass yield?

Answer: 94.0%

First pass yield equals units passing without any defect divided by total units: (500−30)/500 = 470/500 = 94.0%.

In the Theory of Constraints, which step follows identifying the system constraint?

Answer: Exploit the constraint

After identifying the constraint, the next step is to exploit it — maximize its output before investing in additional resources.

A control chart shows eight consecutive points above the centerline but within control limits. This pattern indicates:

Answer: A special cause is likely present

Eight or more consecutive points on one side of the centerline is a Western Electric run rule violation indicating a non-random special cause.

Which analysis technique maps how information and materials flow from supplier to customer to identify bottlenecks and waste?

Answer: Value stream mapping

Value stream mapping documents every step, delay, and information flow across the entire process from supplier input to customer delivery.

When using a scatter diagram to analyze process data, a correlation coefficient near -1.0 indicates:

Answer: A strong negative linear relationship

A correlation coefficient of -1.0 indicates a perfect inverse linear relationship where as one variable increases the other decreases proportionally.

In process optimization, 'takt time' is calculated as:

Answer: Available production time divided by customer demand rate

Takt time equals available production time divided by customer demand, setting the pace at which the process must produce to meet demand.