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Process Analysis & Improvement Techniques Flashcards

7 cards from real CPP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which technique uses a structured diagram to identify all possible causes of a problem by grouping them into major categories such as people, process, equipment, and environment?

    Answer: Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram

    The fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram organizes potential causes into major categories to systematically trace the root cause of a problem.

  2. In process improvement, the 'voice of the customer' (VOC) is primarily used to:

    Answer: Identify and prioritize customer requirements

    VOC captures customer needs and expectations so that process improvements are aligned with what customers actually value.

  3. A process map that includes both the process steps and the departments or roles responsible for each step is called a:

    Answer: Swim lane diagram

    Swim lane diagrams display process steps within horizontal or vertical lanes assigned to specific roles or departments, showing accountability.

  4. Which statistical concept measures the extent to which a process consistently meets specification limits relative to its natural variation?

    Answer: Process capability (Cp/Cpk)

    Process capability indices (Cp, Cpk) compare the spread of process output to specification limits to determine whether the process can reliably produce conforming output.

  5. In a DMAIC project, during which phase would a team most likely conduct a Measurement System Analysis (MSA)?

    Answer: Measure

    MSA is conducted in the Measure phase to validate that the measurement system is accurate and reliable before collecting process data.

  6. Which technique involves physically walking through a process to observe waste, handoffs, and inefficiencies firsthand?

    Answer: Gemba walk

    A Gemba walk involves going to the actual workplace to directly observe the process, identify waste, and engage with workers.

  7. When a team creates a prioritization matrix to select among improvement alternatives, they are using which decision-making tool?

    Answer: Criteria-based matrix

    A criteria-based matrix (prioritization matrix) scores options against weighted criteria to objectively compare and rank alternatives.