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CPO Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield CPO facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here β€” free, no sign-up.

120 questions
90 min time limit
70% to pass
  1. Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of which ocular structure? β†’ The conjunctiva
  2. A patient with Duane's Retraction Syndrome Type I would most likely exhibit which primary sign during an ocular motility test? β†’ Limited abduction (outward movement)
  3. By ANSI/ISO convention, the axis of a cylindrical spectacle lens is measured: β†’ 1Β° to 180Β° counterclockwise
  4. How often should a contact lens case be replaced? β†’ Every 1-3 months
  5. A patient calls stating they splashed a chemical cleaning agent in their eye. What is the most critical immediate instruction to give them? β†’ Irrigate the eye with copious amounts of water for 15-20 minutes.
  6. What is the most critical instruction for a patient using a hydrogen peroxide-based cleaning system? β†’ The solution must be neutralized before inserting the lenses.
  7. When triaging a patient with a red eye, which symptom is the most urgent and requires an immediate appointment? β†’ Severe deep, aching pain and light sensitivity
  8. Which lens material is most impact-resistant and often recommended for children? β†’ Polycarbonate
  9. What does a prescription with "+2.00" in the sphere indicate? β†’ The patient has hyperopia.
  10. A lens prescription reads -1.00 -0.50 x 180. When transposed to plus cylinder form, it becomes: β†’ -1.50 +0.50 x 090
  11. According to ANSI Z80.1 standards, the acceptable tolerance for add power in a finished bifocal spectacle lens is: β†’ Β±0.12 D
  12. Which of the following markings on a pair of prescription safety glasses indicates they have passed the high-velocity impact test? β†’ Z87+
  13. When instilling eye drops, where should the drop be placed to minimize systemic absorption and maximize ocular contact? β†’ In the lower cul-de-sac
  14. Which of the following refractive errors is defined by the eye having different focusing power in different meridians, requiring a toric lens for correction? β†’ Astigmatism
  15. On a manual lensometer, focusing the sphere mire target gives you: β†’ The sphere power
  16. Which of the following describes a key limitation of Placido disc-based topography when compared to Scheimpflug imaging tomography? β†’ It cannot directly measure the posterior corneal surface.
  17. What is the primary purpose of visual field testing (perimetry)? β†’ To map a patient's peripheral and central vision
  18. Which of the following factors can cause a falsely LOW IOP reading with Goldmann tonometry? β†’ A thin central cornea
  19. How is the calibration of a Goldmann applanation tonometer checked? β†’ Using a standardized calibration bar at the 0, 2, and 6 positions
  20. How does a non-contact tonometer (NCT), or 'air-puff' tonometer, measure intraocular pressure? β†’ By measuring the corneal response to a puff of air
  21. What does a patient’s visual acuity of 20/40 indicate? β†’ The patient sees at 20 feet what a normal person sees at 40 feet.
  22. What instrument is used to verify the optical power of a finished spectacle lens? β†’ Lensometer (lensmeter)
  23. When changing the bulb in a slit lamp or projector, what is the most important precaution to take with the new bulb? β†’ Avoid touching the glass portion of the bulb with bare hands
  24. Which act primarily governs patient privacy in optometric practices in the United States? β†’ HIPAA
  25. A patient's prescription includes 2Ξ” base-out for each eye. When verifying with the lensometer, you would expect the mire target to be displaced: β†’ Toward the nasal (inner) edge of each lens
  26. When performing A-scan biometry, if the gain is set too high, what is the most likely measurement error that will occur? β†’ An artificially elongated axial length due to retinal spike broadening.
  27. A visual field test where the stimulus light is stationary but varies in brightness to find the dimmest light a patient can see at each location is known as: β†’ Static perimetry
  28. The optical center of a spectacle lens is the point where: β†’ Light passes through without any prismatic deviation
  29. A keratometer is an instrument used to measure the: β†’ Curvature of the central cornea
  30. Which of the following visual field defects is most characteristically associated with early to moderate glaucoma? β†’ Arcuate scotoma
Turn these facts into recall:
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