CPNRE Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A nurse working in an Indigenous community wants to incorporate cultural safety into health promotion activities. Which action BEST demonstrates cultural safety?
- Translating all written materials into the local Indigenous language
- Inviting community Elders to co-design and lead health sessions (Correct answer)
- Providing transportation to the nearest urban health clinic
- Displaying Indigenous artwork in the community health centre
Correct answer: Inviting community Elders to co-design and lead health sessions
Cultural safety goes beyond translation or décor by actively sharing power — co-designing programs with Elders ensures the community's values and knowledge shape the intervention.
Question 2: A nurse is applying the stages of change model (Transtheoretical Model) to a client who says 'I know I should quit smoking but I'm not ready yet.' The client is in which stage?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation (Correct answer)
- Preparation
- Maintenance
Correct answer: Contemplation
Acknowledging a problem but not yet committing to change places the client in the contemplation stage, where motivational interviewing is the most appropriate intervention.
Question 3: A practical nurse is teaching clients about the Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment (CANRISK) questionnaire. This tool is PRIMARILY used for:
- Diagnosing type 2 diabetes in symptomatic adults
- Identifying individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (Correct answer)
- Adjusting insulin doses for clients with known diabetes
- Screening for gestational diabetes in pregnant women
Correct answer: Identifying individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes
CANRISK is a validated screening questionnaire that identifies adults at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes so that preventive lifestyle interventions can be offered before onset.
Question 4: Which intervention BEST addresses the health promotion principle of 'creating supportive environments' as described in the Ottawa Charter?
- Teaching a client breathing exercises to manage asthma
- Advocating for a smoke-free policy in all public buildings (Correct answer)
- Encouraging a sedentary client to walk 30 minutes daily
- Providing written instructions after a diabetes education class
Correct answer: Advocating for a smoke-free policy in all public buildings
Advocating for smoke-free legislation changes the environment to make healthy choices easier for everyone, which is the core of the Ottawa Charter's supportive environments pillar.
Question 5: A school nurse notices that many students skip breakfast and have poor concentration by mid-morning. The MOST upstream intervention would be to:
- Provide individual nutrition counselling to students who skip breakfast
- Advocate for a universal school breakfast program funded by the school board (Correct answer)
- Distribute pamphlets on the importance of morning nutrition
- Refer students with poor concentration to the school psychologist
Correct answer: Advocate for a universal school breakfast program funded by the school board
Advocating for a structural, funded breakfast program addresses the social and economic root causes of hunger rather than placing responsibility on individual students or families.
Question 6: A nurse is evaluating a community fall-prevention program for older adults. Which outcome indicator BEST measures program effectiveness?
- Number of educational sessions delivered per month
- Percentage reduction in fall-related emergency department visits (Correct answer)
- Client satisfaction scores from post-session surveys
- Number of volunteers recruited to run the program
Correct answer: Percentage reduction in fall-related emergency department visits
A reduction in fall-related ED visits is a health outcome indicator that directly measures whether the program achieved its goal of preventing falls.
Question 7: A practical nurse is teaching a client about Pap test frequency. According to current Canadian cervical cancer screening guidelines, women aged 25–69 with no abnormal results should be screened how often?
- Annually
- Every three years (Correct answer)
- Every five years
- Only once before age 30
Correct answer: Every three years
Canadian guidelines recommend cervical cytology (Pap test) every three years for average-risk women aged 25–69 who have had three consecutive normal results.
CPNRE Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 5
A nurse working in an Indigenous community wants to incorporate cultural safety into health promotion activities.
Which action BEST demonstrates cultural safety?