CPNRE Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A practical nurse is conducting a community needs assessment. Which data source BEST identifies the leading causes of preventable death in the local population?
- Hospital admission records
- Vital statistics and mortality data (Correct answer)
- Patient satisfaction surveys
- Emergency department triage logs
Correct answer: Vital statistics and mortality data
Vital statistics and mortality data directly capture causes of death and are the primary source for identifying preventable mortality trends in a population.
Question 2: A nurse is teaching a client about secondary prevention. Which activity BEST exemplifies secondary prevention?
- Administering childhood immunizations
- Screening for colorectal cancer with colonoscopy (Correct answer)
- Providing physiotherapy after a stroke
- Teaching hand hygiene to school children
Correct answer: Screening for colorectal cancer with colonoscopy
Secondary prevention involves early detection of disease in asymptomatic individuals, and colonoscopy screening detects colorectal cancer before symptoms develop.
Question 3: A client asks why their province recommends fluoride supplementation for children in non-fluoridated water areas. The nurse's BEST response is based on which health promotion principle?
- Harm reduction
- Population health approach (Correct answer)
- Illness prevention at the tertiary level
- Empowerment and self-efficacy
Correct answer: Population health approach
Fluoride supplementation in non-fluoridated areas is a population-level intervention targeting an entire group to reduce dental caries risk across the community.
Question 4: Which social determinant of health MOST directly affects a client's ability to follow a prescribed low-sodium diet?
- Genetic predisposition to hypertension
- Access to affordable healthy food (Correct answer)
- Level of health literacy
- Frequency of blood pressure monitoring
Correct answer: Access to affordable healthy food
Food security and access to affordable nutritious food is a social determinant that most directly determines whether a client can realistically adhere to dietary restrictions.
Question 5: A practical nurse notices that teenage pregnancy rates are high in a rural community. The MOST effective primary prevention strategy would be to:
- Provide prenatal care clinics for pregnant teens
- Implement comprehensive sex education in schools (Correct answer)
- Offer parenting classes for young mothers
- Create support groups for single-parent families
Correct answer: Implement comprehensive sex education in schools
Comprehensive sex education is a primary prevention strategy that addresses the root cause by providing knowledge and skills before pregnancy occurs.
Question 6: The Canadian immunization schedule recommends the MMR vaccine at 12 months and again at 18 months. A parent asks why two doses are needed. The nurse explains:
- The first dose causes immunity to wane after six months
- A second dose ensures seroconversion in the small percentage who do not respond to the first (Correct answer)
- Two doses are required because the vaccine loses potency during storage
- Provincial law mandates two doses for school entry regardless of immune response
Correct answer: A second dose ensures seroconversion in the small percentage who do not respond to the first
Approximately 5% of children do not mount a sufficient immune response to the first MMR dose, so a second dose acts as a catch-up to achieve herd immunity levels.
Question 7: A nurse is applying the precede-proceed model to plan a smoking cessation program. In the PRECEDE phase, the priority action is to:
- Launch the quit-smoking campaign and evaluate uptake
- Assess predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence smoking behaviour (Correct answer)
- Develop incentive programs to reward clients who quit
- Monitor carbon monoxide levels in program participants
Correct answer: Assess predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence smoking behaviour
The PRECEDE phase focuses on assessment and diagnosis — identifying what factors (predisposing, reinforcing, enabling) drive the health behaviour before designing any intervention.
CPNRE Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 4
A practical nurse is conducting a community needs assessment.
Which data source BEST identifies the leading causes of preventable death in the local population?