CPM Organizational Change Models 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In McKinsey's 7-S Framework, which element is considered the central connecting hub that aligns all other elements?
- Strategy
- Shared Values (Correct answer)
- Structure
- Systems
Correct answer: Shared Values
Shared Values (culture) sits at the center of the 7-S Framework and connects all other elements: Strategy, Structure, Systems, Staff, Skills, and Style.
Question 2: Kotter's 8-Step model places 'generating short-term wins' at which step?
- Step 3
- Step 5
- Step 6 (Correct answer)
- Step 7
Correct answer: Step 6
Generating short-term wins is Step 6 in Kotter's model, coming after building the guiding coalition, creating a vision, and removing obstacles.
Question 3: The ADKAR model was developed by which organization or author?
- John Kotter
- Kurt Lewin
- Prosci / Jeff Hiatt (Correct answer)
- McKinsey & Company
Correct answer: Prosci / Jeff Hiatt
ADKAR was developed by Jeff Hiatt, founder of Prosci, as an outcome-oriented individual change model.
Question 4: During Lewin's 'Refreezing' stage, a manager's primary responsibility is to:
- Identify resistance and remove blockers
- Establish urgency for the change
- Reinforce new behaviors and institutionalize them (Correct answer)
- Pilot test the change with a small group
Correct answer: Reinforce new behaviors and institutionalize them
Refreezing stabilizes the new state by reinforcing behaviors, updating policies, and embedding the change into culture and processes.
Question 5: Which change model explicitly incorporates 'individual transitions' as distinct from organizational change events?
- Kotter's 8-Step Model
- Bridges' Transition Model (Correct answer)
- McKinsey 7-S
- Burke-Litwin Model
Correct answer: Bridges' Transition Model
Bridges' Transition Model focuses on the psychological journey individuals experience (endings, neutral zone, new beginnings) rather than the external event of change.
Question 6: In the Burke-Litwin Model of Organizational Change, transformational factors are BEST described as:
- Day-to-day operational systems and practices
- External environment, mission, leadership, and culture (Correct answer)
- Individual skills, motivation, and job performance
- Reward systems and management practices
Correct answer: External environment, mission, leadership, and culture
Transformational factors in Burke-Litwin include the external environment, mission/strategy, leadership, and organizational culture, which drive fundamental change.
Question 7: A change agent using the 'emergent' approach to change believes that:
- Change must be planned top-down before implementation
- Change unfolds organically through continuous adaptation (Correct answer)
- Change follows a fixed linear sequence of steps
- Change requires freezing the current state first
Correct answer: Change unfolds organically through continuous adaptation
The emergent approach views change as a continuous, bottom-up process shaped by unpredictable environmental forces rather than a pre-planned blueprint.
CPM Organizational Change Models 2
In McKinsey's 7-S Framework, which element is considered the central connecting hub that aligns all other elements?