Management Principles Flashcards
7 cards from real CPM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Management Principles flashcards as text
Which communication barrier occurs when a message's meaning is distorted by the receiver's preconceived beliefs?
Answer: Perceptual filtering
Perceptual filtering means people interpret messages through their own biases, values, and expectations, altering the intended meaning.
A supervisor who delegates a task to an employee also delegates the authority needed to complete it. This reflects which management principle?
Answer: Parity of authority and responsibility
The parity principle states that the authority granted must equal the responsibility assigned — without authority, accountability is unfair.
In project management, the critical path is defined as:
Answer: The longest sequence of dependent tasks determining project duration
The critical path is the longest chain of dependent activities; any delay on this path directly delays the project completion date.
Which motivation theory suggests that employees are motivated when they believe their effort will lead to performance, and performance will lead to desired rewards?
Answer: Expectancy theory
Vroom's expectancy theory links motivation to three perceptions: effort-to-performance (expectancy), performance-to-outcome (instrumentality), and outcome value (valence).
An organization that relies heavily on external contractors, alliances, and outsourcing rather than internal departments is called a:
Answer: Virtual or network organization
A virtual/network organization outsources most functions, retaining a small core and coordinating through contracts and strategic alliances.
Which of the following BEST describes the difference between leadership and management?
Answer: Leaders influence people toward goals; managers coordinate resources and processes
Leadership is primarily about influencing people and setting direction, while management focuses on planning, organizing, and coordinating resources.
When evaluating strategic alternatives, a SWOT analysis categorizes internal strengths and weaknesses separately from external:
Answer: Opportunities and threats
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses (internal factors) and Opportunities, Threats (external environmental factors).