Management Principles Flashcards

According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must generally be satisfied BEFORE esteem needs become motivating?

Answer: Social/belonging needs

Maslow's hierarchy places social/belonging needs (love, friendship, group membership) below esteem needs, so they must be met first.

A manager notices that rewarding one behavior inadvertently reduces another desired behavior. This illustrates which organizational behavior concept?

Answer: The folly of rewarding A while hoping for B

Steven Kerr's classic article 'On the Folly of Rewarding A While Hoping for B' describes how misaligned incentives undermine intended outcomes.

Which conflict resolution style results in both parties giving up something to reach an agreement?

Answer: Compromising

Compromising involves mutual concessions so both parties partially achieve their goals, unlike collaborating where both fully win.

The balanced scorecard approach measures organizational performance across how many primary perspectives?

Answer: Four

Kaplan and Norton's balanced scorecard uses four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning & growth.

Which type of organizational structure groups employees by the functions they perform (e.g., marketing, finance, operations)?

Answer: Functional structure

A functional structure organizes departments by specialized activities, promoting expertise and efficiency within each function.

In Kotter's 8-step change model, which step comes immediately AFTER 'creating a sense of urgency'?

Answer: Forming a powerful guiding coalition

Kotter's second step is building a guiding coalition — assembling a group with enough power to lead the change effort.

A manager who focuses primarily on tasks, rules, and structures rather than employee relationships exhibits which leadership orientation?

Answer: Task-oriented leadership

Task-oriented (initiating structure) leaders emphasize goal accomplishment, roles, and procedures over interpersonal concerns.