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Sepsis and Infectious Disease Emergencies Flashcards

7 cards from real CPEN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Sepsis and Infectious Disease Emergencies flashcards as text

  1. A 3-year-old presents with high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, and a non-blanching petechial rash spreading rapidly. What is the PRIORITY intervention?

    Answer: Administer IV ceftriaxone immediately without waiting for LP

    Suspected meningococcemia requires immediate IV antibiotics (ceftriaxone) without delay, as each hour of treatment delay significantly increases mortality.

  2. Which CSF analysis result is MOST consistent with bacterial meningitis?

    Answer: Turbid fluid, elevated protein, decreased glucose, neutrophilic pleocytosis

    Bacterial meningitis typically shows turbid CSF with elevated protein, decreased glucose relative to serum, and neutrophilic pleocytosis due to bacterial invasion.

  3. A 2-year-old has had fever for 6 days with bilateral non-purulent conjunctival injection, erythematous cracked lips, strawberry tongue, and a diffuse macular rash. Which diagnosis BEST fits this presentation?

    Answer: Kawasaki disease

    Kawasaki disease requires fever for 5 or more days plus at least 4 of 5 criteria: bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, oral mucosal changes, rash, extremity changes, and cervical lymphadenopathy.

  4. What is the standard first-line treatment for Kawasaki disease?

    Answer: IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high-dose aspirin

    IVIG (2 g/kg single infusion) and high-dose aspirin are the standard treatment for Kawasaki disease to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary artery aneurysms.

  5. A 5-year-old develops fever, sore throat, and a diffuse 'sandpaper-like' rash after a positive rapid strep test. What is the MOST appropriate antibiotic treatment?

    Answer: Amoxicillin for 10 days

    Amoxicillin for 10 days (or penicillin) is first-line treatment for Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis/scarlet fever to eradicate the organism and prevent rheumatic fever.

  6. Which clinical triad BEST distinguishes peritonsillar abscess from severe tonsillitis in a child?

    Answer: Uvular deviation, trismus, and muffled 'hot potato' voice

    Peritonsillar abscess classically presents with uvular deviation toward the unaffected side, trismus from pterygoid muscle spasm, and a muffled 'hot potato' voice.

  7. An 18-month-old presents with 3 days of fever and irritability. Examination reveals a bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane with loss of the light reflex. Which antibiotic is FIRST-LINE per AAP guidelines?

    Answer: Amoxicillin

    Amoxicillin is the first-line antibiotic for acute otitis media per AAP guidelines due to its efficacy against S. pneumoniae, the most common causative organism.