CPCS Theory Test – Construction Plant Competence Scheme — Questions and Answers

Question 1: What is the purpose of a crane load chart?

It certifies the crane for use on the site
It records the loads lifted during a shift
It shows the maximum load the crane can safely lift at different radii and boom angles (Correct answer)
It shows the crane's fuel consumption at different loads

Correct answer: It shows the maximum load the crane can safely lift at different radii and boom angles

A load chart shows the crane's capacity at different radii (distances from centre of rotation) and boom configurations. Operators must always check the load chart to ensure the planned lift is within capacity.

Question 2: Before excavating or operating plant near underground services, what must be done?

Underground services are the main contractor's responsibility only
Obtain service drawings, use CAT scanning, and establish exclusion zones around identified services (Correct answer)
Start carefully and stop if anything is struck
Only use CAT scanning — drawings are not reliable

Correct answer: Obtain service drawings, use CAT scanning, and establish exclusion zones around identified services

Before any excavation near underground services, drawings must be obtained, a CAT (cable avoidance tool) scan performed to locate services, and exclusion zones established around identified services before plant moves.

Question 3: What should an operator do if a pre-use check reveals the travel alarm is not working?

Operate slowly and sound the horn when reversing
Continue working as the alarm is not always needed
Rely on a banksman instead and continue working
Take the plant out of service and report the defect (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Take the plant out of service and report the defect

A travel alarm warns nearby workers of plant movement. Its absence is a significant safety hazard requiring the plant to be taken out of service until the alarm is repaired.

Question 4: Under PUWER, what must accompany any construction plant that poses specific risks?

An annual PUWER certificate
A daily log completed by the manufacturer
A weekly checklist signed by a director
A written risk assessment addressing those specific risks (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A written risk assessment addressing those specific risks

PUWER requires that where specific risks exist, a written risk assessment is produced and control measures are implemented and documented.

Question 5: What is the significance of colour coding on lifting slings?

Colours indicate the SWL of the sling, allowing quick selection of the correct sling for a lift (Correct answer)
Colours indicate the manufacturer of the sling
Colours indicate the age of the sling
Colours indicate the material the sling is made from only

Correct answer: Colours indicate the SWL of the sling, allowing quick selection of the correct sling for a lift

British Standard colour coding on lifting slings indicates their SWL, enabling quick identification of the correct sling for the load. Operators must know the colour coding system and use the right sling.

Question 6: What does LOLER say about using construction plant (e.g. a telehandler) for lifting operations?

Any plant can perform lifting operations without restriction
It must be suitable for lifting, properly examined, and lifting operations planned by a competent person (Correct answer)
Lifting with plant is only permitted for loads under 1 tonne
Plant-based lifting requires daily hire company approval

Correct answer: It must be suitable for lifting, properly examined, and lifting operations planned by a competent person

LOLER applies fully when construction plant is used for lifting. The equipment must be suitable and thoroughly examined, and the lifting operation must be planned by a competent person.

Question 7: Under LOLER, what is required after a crane has been involved in a significant incident or accident?

The crane may continue if the operator confirms it feels undamaged
An inspection by the original manufacturer only
A thorough examination by a competent person before it is returned to service (Correct answer)
Only a visual check by the site manager

Correct answer: A thorough examination by a competent person before it is returned to service

After a significant incident such as a collision, overturning, or load drop, the crane must undergo a thorough examination by a competent person before it is returned to service, to confirm its structural integrity.

Question 8: Under PUWER, who is responsible for ensuring plant is safe to use?

The employer and any person who has control of work equipment (Correct answer)
Only the site manager
The equipment manufacturer alone
Only the plant operator

Correct answer: The employer and any person who has control of work equipment

Under PUWER, both the employer and any person who has control over work equipment share responsibility for ensuring it is safe to use.

Question 9: What does the CPCS category A09 cover?

Tower crane
Forward tipping dumper (Correct answer)
Ride-on roller
360-degree excavator

Correct answer: Forward tipping dumper

CPCS category A09 specifically covers the forward tipping dumper. Operators must hold a valid A09 card to demonstrate they have been trained and assessed as competent to operate this category of plant.

Question 10: Which regulation complements PUWER specifically for lifting equipment on construction sites?

LOLER — Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (Correct answer)
COSHH — Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
RIDDOR — Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences
CDM — Construction Design and Management Regulations

Correct answer: LOLER — Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998

LOLER 1998 complements PUWER specifically for lifting equipment, adding requirements for thorough examination, lifting plans, and competent persons for all lifting operations.

Question 11: A pre-use check reveals the machine's horn is not functioning. What should the operator do?

Take the plant out of service and report the defect (Correct answer)
Continue working and use hand signals instead
Operate at reduced speed without the horn
Shout warnings to nearby workers

Correct answer: Take the plant out of service and report the defect

The horn is a critical warning device for alerting nearby workers. A non-functioning horn is a safety defect requiring the plant to be taken out of service until repaired.

Question 12: Under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, what is the general duty of employees regarding plant safety?

To provide their own safety equipment
To take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of others (Correct answer)
To carry out their own risk assessments
To inspect all equipment on site daily

Correct answer: To take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of others

Section 7 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 places a duty on employees to take reasonable care for their own health and safety and that of other persons who may be affected by their acts or omissions at work.

Question 13: Why is it dangerous to leave a suspended load unattended?

The load could fall if equipment fails, creating risk to anyone in the area without warning (Correct answer)
The crane cannot detect a problem without an operator present
Unattended loads are only an issue in poor weather
Suspended loads are only a risk during active movement

Correct answer: The load could fall if equipment fails, creating risk to anyone in the area without warning

A suspended load must never be left unattended. Equipment can fail suddenly, and without an operator present there is no one to respond. The load can fall without warning, striking anyone in the area.

Question 14: What fluid level is particularly critical to check on hydraulically-operated plant before use?

Gearbox oil only
Engine coolant only
Windscreen washer fluid
Hydraulic oil level (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Hydraulic oil level

Hydraulic oil is critical because hydraulically-operated plant relies on it for steering, braking, and attachment control. Low hydraulic oil can cause sudden loss of these functions during operation.

Question 15: How should an operator check that the plant's rated working load indicator (if fitted) is working?

Lift a load close to the rated capacity to see if it activates
Ask the site manager to test it remotely
Load indicators are self-testing and require no check
Follow the manufacturer's start-up procedure, which typically includes an audible and visual indicator test (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Follow the manufacturer's start-up procedure, which typically includes an audible and visual indicator test

The manufacturer's start-up procedure includes a test of safety systems including load indicators. Operators must follow this procedure rather than testing by overloading the plant.

Question 16: Under PUWER, what action is required when construction plant develops a defect during operation?

The operator should attempt a basic repair before reporting
The defect can be noted and repaired at the next scheduled service
The operator may continue if the defect seems minor
The plant must be taken out of service immediately and the defect reported (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The plant must be taken out of service immediately and the defect reported

Any defect that affects safety requires the plant to be taken out of service immediately. Continuing to operate defective plant risks serious injury and is a PUWER breach.

Question 17: What type of markings must be clearly visible on construction plant under PUWER?

Safety markings including rated capacity and any warnings (Correct answer)
Company branding and registration number only
The operator's name and qualification
Insurance details and hire dates

Correct answer: Safety markings including rated capacity and any warnings

PUWER requires that plant carries clear markings including rated capacities, warnings, and any other safety-critical information necessary for safe operation.

Question 18: How should an operator respond if the plant begins to sink into the ground during operation?

Reduce the load and continue working at reduced speed
Stop operation immediately, move the plant if it can be done safely, and report to the supervisor (Correct answer)
Assume the sinking will stop and continue the task
Continue carefully and monitor sinking rate

Correct answer: Stop operation immediately, move the plant if it can be done safely, and report to the supervisor

Sinking during operation indicates the ground bearing capacity is being exceeded. The plant must be stopped immediately and moved if possible without worsening the situation. The area must be reassessed before any further use.

Question 19: What is a 'tandem lift' and what additional considerations apply?

A lift using two cranes sharing the load — requires precise co-ordination and a detailed lifting plan (Correct answer)
A lift where the same load is moved twice
Any lift over 5 tonnes
A lift where one crane follows another's path

Correct answer: A lift using two cranes sharing the load — requires precise co-ordination and a detailed lifting plan

A tandem lift uses two cranes to share the load. It requires precise co-ordination, detailed planning, and a competent appointed person because load distribution between cranes changes during the lift.

Question 20: Why is it important to use the correct sling angle when lifting a load?

Sling angles have no effect on sling capacity
Sling angle only affects how the load looks during the lift
The angle is only relevant for lifts over 3 tonnes
The angle affects the tension in each leg of the sling — as angle increases from vertical, tension increases and effective capacity reduces (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The angle affects the tension in each leg of the sling — as angle increases from vertical, tension increases and effective capacity reduces

As the angle between sling legs increases (legs become more horizontal), the tension in each leg increases beyond the weight of the load. At 60 degrees from vertical each leg carries the full load weight, greatly increasing failure risk.

Question 21: What does the term 'in good repair' mean under PUWER?

The plant is under warranty
The plant is safe to operate and free from defects that could cause harm (Correct answer)
The plant is clean and visually presentable
The plant has recently been serviced by a manufacturer

Correct answer: The plant is safe to operate and free from defects that could cause harm

'In good repair' means the plant is mechanically sound, safe to operate, and free from defects that could create risk. It is a safety concept, not an aesthetic one.

Question 22: Why is it important to check that all lights and beacons are working during a pre-use check?

They warn other workers and traffic of the plant's presence and movement (Correct answer)
Beacons are decorative and not a safety item
Lights are only required for night operations
Lights are checked for insurance purposes only

Correct answer: They warn other workers and traffic of the plant's presence and movement

Working lights and beacons are essential for visibility and warning others of the plant's presence, particularly when reversing or operating in low-visibility conditions. They are a key safety requirement.

Question 23: During a lift, the load begins to swing uncontrollably. What should the operator do?

Call the lift supervisor and await instructions while keeping the load suspended
Try to control the swing by rapidly slewing the crane
Lower the load to the ground in the safest available position and stop the lift (Correct answer)
Continue hoisting to get the load above the obstruction

Correct answer: Lower the load to the ground in the safest available position and stop the lift

A swinging load is an immediate danger. The safest response is to lower the load to the ground in the nearest safe position and halt the lift. The cause must be investigated before resuming.

Question 24: What should an operator check regarding the operator's cab during a pre-use inspection?

The cab's paint condition and cleanliness only
Only that the seat is present
Seat condition, seat belt, mirrors, controls accessibility, and cleanliness (Correct answer)
That the cab is locked when not in use

Correct answer: Seat condition, seat belt, mirrors, controls accessibility, and cleanliness

The cab check includes seat condition and adjustment, seat belt integrity and function, mirror condition and adjustment, accessibility and function of all controls, and absence of debris that could obstruct pedals or controls.

Question 25: What information must be marked on all lifting accessories (slings, shackles, etc.) under LOLER?

The safe working load (SWL) and any conditions of use (Correct answer)
The purchase price and supplier
The operator's employee number
The date of manufacture only

Correct answer: The safe working load (SWL) and any conditions of use

LOLER requires all lifting accessories to be clearly marked with their safe working load (SWL). Where the SWL depends on the configuration (e.g., sling angle), the relevant conditions must also be marked or available. This ensures users can verify the equipment is suitable for the load.

Question 26: What is a lifting plan and when is it required?

A plan required only for lifts over 10 tonnes
An informal verbal briefing before any lift
A plan only required for lifts over public highways
A documented plan for a lifting operation, required for all crane lifts and complex operations (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A documented plan for a lifting operation, required for all crane lifts and complex operations

A lifting plan documents the method, equipment, personnel, communication, exclusion zones, and emergency arrangements for a lifting operation. LOLER requires planning for all lifting operations.

Question 27: You carry out a pre-use check and find a hydraulic oil leak. What should you do?

Take the plant out of service and report it before operating (Correct answer)
Add more oil and continue working
Cover the leak and monitor it during the shift
Report it at the end of the day

Correct answer: Take the plant out of service and report it before operating

A hydraulic oil leak can cause sudden loss of control and is a serious safety defect. The plant must be taken out of service immediately and the defect reported for repair.

Question 28: What is the recommended approach for completing a pre-use check on unfamiliar plant?

Ask another operator on site to complete the check instead
Obtain the manufacturer's check list or consult the operator's manual before commencing (Correct answer)
Check only the basic items common to all plant
Use the same check as for any other plant as all plant is similar

Correct answer: Obtain the manufacturer's check list or consult the operator's manual before commencing

Different plant types have specific check requirements. The manufacturer's checklist or operator's manual identifies the correct items for that specific machine, ensuring nothing critical is missed.

Question 29: Under LOLER, what records must be kept following a thorough examination?

Only a verbal confirmation to the site manager is needed
Records are only required for equipment over 10 tonnes
A written report from the competent person must be kept and be available for inspection (Correct answer)
No records are required if the equipment passes

Correct answer: A written report from the competent person must be kept and be available for inspection

LOLER requires that a written report is produced following every thorough examination. This report must be kept available for inspection by the enforcing authority. It must detail the equipment examined, any defects found, and whether the equipment is safe for continued use.

Question 30: When travelling a loaded forward tipping dumper downhill, what is the correct procedure?

Drive forwards downhill at normal speed
Travel in reverse so the load is uphill, in a low gear (Correct answer)
Tip half the load before descending
Freewheel in neutral to save fuel

Correct answer: Travel in reverse so the load is uphill, in a low gear

When travelling downhill with a loaded skip, the operator should reverse down so the weight of the load is on the uphill side, using a low gear for engine braking. Driving forwards downhill with a loaded skip raises the centre of gravity on the downhill side, increasing the risk of the machine tipping forward.

Question 31: What is the most common cause of fatal accidents involving forward tipping dumpers on UK construction sites?

Electrical short circuits
Brake failure on flat ground
Overturning (Correct answer)
Engine fires

Correct answer: Overturning

Overturning is the leading cause of fatalities involving forward tipping dumpers. Contributing factors include travelling too fast, operating on slopes, uneven ground, overloading, and poor visibility. Seatbelts and ROPS (Roll Over Protection Structure) are critical safety features.

Question 32: What does checking 'ground conditions' before operating plant involve?

Assessing the ground for stability, soft spots, slopes, and underground services (Correct answer)
Only checking for puddles on the surface
Verifying the ground has been signed off by the architect
Checking the soil type for environmental records only

Correct answer: Assessing the ground for stability, soft spots, slopes, and underground services

Ground condition checks assess stability for the plant's weight, identify soft ground or voids that could cause sinkage or tip-over, check slopes that affect stability, and identify underground services that could be struck.

Question 33: What does CPCS category A40 cover?

Road Planer
Piling Rig — Driven
Ride-on Roller (Correct answer)
Screeding Machine

Correct answer: Ride-on Roller

CPCS category A40 covers the Ride-on Roller, which is used for compacting soil, sub-base, and asphalt on roads and civil engineering sites.

Question 34: A plant operator is working near a communications cable (telephone/data). What colour identifies this type of service?

Red
Blue
Yellow
Grey or purple (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Grey or purple

Communications cables (telephone and data) are typically identified by grey or purple in the UK service identification system. Striking them causes disruption and can still present electrical hazard.

Question 35: A plant operator notices a guard is missing from the plant they have been asked to operate. What should they do?

Report it immediately and refuse to operate the plant until it is repaired (Correct answer)
Fit any available guard themselves without reporting
Operate carefully without the guard as the work is urgent
Continue working and report it at the end of the shift

Correct answer: Report it immediately and refuse to operate the plant until it is repaired

Missing guards are a PUWER non-compliance and a serious safety hazard. The operator must report immediately and must not operate the plant until the guard is properly replaced.

Question 36: What is the relationship between LOLER 1998 and PUWER 1998 in the context of lifting equipment?

Both apply — PUWER covers general equipment requirements while LOLER adds specific lifting requirements (Correct answer)
LOLER replaces PUWER entirely for lifting equipment
PUWER only applies to non-lifting equipment
They are different names for the same regulations

Correct answer: Both apply — PUWER covers general equipment requirements while LOLER adds specific lifting requirements

Both LOLER and PUWER apply to lifting equipment simultaneously. PUWER sets out general requirements for all work equipment (maintenance, training, guarding), while LOLER adds specific requirements for lifting operations and lifting equipment (planning, examination, load marking).

Question 37: How does frost affect ground conditions for construction plant operation?

Frozen ground is always suitable for heavy plant operations
Frost temporarily strengthens the surface but thawing rapidly reduces bearing capacity — creating dangerous conditions (Correct answer)
Frost permanently improves ground bearing capacity
Frost only affects surface grip and not bearing capacity

Correct answer: Frost temporarily strengthens the surface but thawing rapidly reduces bearing capacity — creating dangerous conditions

Frost can temporarily harden the surface, giving a false impression of strength. When thawing occurs — often rapidly — the ground can lose bearing capacity suddenly, creating dangerous conditions for plant operations.

Question 38: Which of the following is checked to ensure the plant will stop reliably?

Only the parking brake
Service brakes, parking brake, and any secondary braking or retardation system (Correct answer)
Service brakes only on slopes
Brakes are only checked during formal inspections

Correct answer: Service brakes, parking brake, and any secondary braking or retardation system

Reliable stopping requires checking service brakes, parking brake, and any secondary braking systems. Brake failure during plant operation can lead to catastrophic loss of control.

Question 39: After completing a pre-use check with no defects found, what should the operator do with the check sheet?

Sign it and retain it in the site plant register as a record (Correct answer)
Send it to the plant hire company
Discard it as no defects were found
Give it to the site manager to countersign before starting

Correct answer: Sign it and retain it in the site plant register as a record

Even when no defects are found, the completed and signed pre-use check sheet must be retained in the site plant register. It provides a legal record that the check was carried out.

Question 40: What is the purpose of an exclusion zone during a lifting operation?

To indicate where slings should be stored
To mark where the crane must park after the lift
To define the area where the slinger must stand at all times
To restrict access beneath and around suspended loads, protecting persons from falling load risk (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To restrict access beneath and around suspended loads, protecting persons from falling load risk

An exclusion zone prevents unauthorised persons from entering the area beneath or around a suspended load where they would be at risk if the load were to fall or swing.

Question 41: Under LOLER, what must happen if a thorough examination reveals a defect that poses an imminent risk?

The HSE should be consulted before taking any action
The defect should be logged for repair at the next scheduled maintenance
The equipment must be taken out of service immediately and not used until the defect is rectified (Correct answer)
The equipment can continue to be used at reduced capacity

Correct answer: The equipment must be taken out of service immediately and not used until the defect is rectified

If a thorough examination reveals a defect involving imminent danger, the competent person must notify the employer immediately and the equipment must be taken out of service straight away. The examiner must also send a report to the relevant enforcing authority (HSE or local authority).

Question 42: What risk does a pre-use check help prevent when plant has been left unattended overnight?

Vandalism, interference, damage from weather or animals, and unauthorised use (Correct answer)
Pre-use checks have no specific overnight benefit
Only fuel theft
Only mechanical deterioration over time

Correct answer: Vandalism, interference, damage from weather or animals, and unauthorised use

Overnight, plant can be vandalised, tampered with, or damaged by weather. Pre-use checks identify any such changes before the operator puts themselves and others at risk by operating a compromised machine.

Question 43: What is the CPCS category for a crawler crane?

A60
B02
A09
A04 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A04

CPCS category A04 covers the Crawler Crane. Crawler cranes are large, tracked lifting machines used for heavy lifts and are distinct from mobile cranes (A02) and tower cranes (A04 is specifically crawler).

Question 44: Before a crane lift, wind speed should be checked. At what approximate wind speed should most mobile crane operations be stopped?

Wind speed has no effect on crane operations
Wind limits apply only to tower cranes
Only when gusts exceed 100 km/h
When wind speed exceeds the manufacturer's specified limit, typically around 45-65 km/h depending on crane and load (Correct answer)

Correct answer: When wind speed exceeds the manufacturer's specified limit, typically around 45-65 km/h depending on crane and load

Most crane manufacturers specify a maximum wind speed for safe operation. This varies but is typically around 45-65 km/h. Operators must check the manufacturer's specification and stop operations when this is exceeded.

Question 45: What must a lifting accessory register contain?

Only the SWL and current location
Details of each accessory including type, SWL, identification, date of manufacture, examination records, and status (Correct answer)
Only the most recent thorough examination record
Only the purchase date and cost

Correct answer: Details of each accessory including type, SWL, identification, date of manufacture, examination records, and status

A lifting accessory register must contain comprehensive details: type, SWL, unique identification, date of manufacture or first use, all thorough examination dates and results, and current service status.

Question 46: What must be clearly marked on a telehandler's load chart?

The operator's name and shift pattern
The safe working loads at various boom extensions and angles, with and without stabilisers (Correct answer)
The fuel consumption per hour
The date the machine was last washed

Correct answer: The safe working loads at various boom extensions and angles, with and without stabilisers

The load chart must clearly display the machine's safe working loads at all combinations of boom extension length and angle. It must differentiate between operations with and without stabilisers deployed, as capacities differ significantly between these configurations.

Question 47: What action should a plant operator take if they discover a fault during a pre-use inspection?

Continue working but be more careful
Report the fault and do not use the machine until it is rectified (Correct answer)
Attempt to repair the fault themselves
Ignore it if it seems minor

Correct answer: Report the fault and do not use the machine until it is rectified

If a fault is found during a pre-use check, the operator must report it to their supervisor immediately and not use the machine until the fault has been properly rectified by a competent person. Operating a defective machine puts lives at risk.

Question 48: What does RIDDOR require in relation to construction plant incidents?

All near-misses must be reported to the HSE within 24 hours
Certain serious injuries, dangerous occurrences, and fatalities must be reported (Correct answer)
Incidents only need to be recorded in the site diary
Only incidents involving cranes need to be reported

Correct answer: Certain serious injuries, dangerous occurrences, and fatalities must be reported

The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR) requires employers to report specified workplace incidents to the HSE, including fatalities, specified injuries, over-7-day incapacitation injuries, and dangerous occurrences involving plant.

Question 49: What must a forward tipping dumper be fitted with to protect the operator in the event of a rollover?

A Roll Over Protection Structure (ROPS) and a seatbelt (Correct answer)
Air conditioning
A fire suppression system only
An ejector seat

Correct answer: A Roll Over Protection Structure (ROPS) and a seatbelt

All forward tipping dumpers must be fitted with a ROPS (Roll Over Protection Structure) to maintain a survival space around the operator if the machine overturns. The operator must also wear the seatbelt at all times to remain within the ROPS protection zone.

Question 50: During a pre-use check, what should be inspected on the plant's undercarriage or running gear?

The undercarriage paint condition only
The manufacturer's serial number plate
Track condition, track tension, rollers, sprockets, and any signs of damage or leaks (Correct answer)
Only the fuel tank underneath

Correct answer: Track condition, track tension, rollers, sprockets, and any signs of damage or leaks

The undercarriage inspection covers track or tyre condition, correct tension, roller and sprocket condition, and any signs of damage, wear, or fluid leaks that could affect safe operation.

Question 51: What is 'two-blocking' in crane operation and why is it dangerous?

When two cranes lift the same load simultaneously
When a load is lifted twice in the same lift plan
When the crane operates in two separate stages
When the load block is raised until it contacts the boom tip, which can cause wire rope or component failure (Correct answer)

Correct answer: When the load block is raised until it contacts the boom tip, which can cause wire rope or component failure

Two-blocking occurs when the upper and lower load blocks come together, preventing further movement. Continuing to hoist causes extreme stress, potentially snapping the wire rope and dropping the load.

Question 52: What environmental control is required when refuelling plant on a construction site?

Only large plant requires environmental controls during refuelling
Drip trays are only needed if rain is forecast
Refuelling must take place over a drip tray or on an impermeable surface, away from drains and watercourses (Correct answer)
Refuelling can take place anywhere on site at the operator's convenience

Correct answer: Refuelling must take place over a drip tray or on an impermeable surface, away from drains and watercourses

During refuelling, spills are likely. Refuelling must be carried out over a drip tray or on an impermeable surface, well away from drains, ditches, and watercourses to prevent contamination.

Question 53: During a pre-use check, what should be inspected on all hoses and pipes?

Hoses are not part of a pre-use check
Only hoses in the engine compartment
Only the main fuel pipe
Condition, security of fittings, signs of leaks, chafing, or damage (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Condition, security of fittings, signs of leaks, chafing, or damage

All hoses and pipes — hydraulic, fuel, coolant, and air — must be inspected for leaks, damaged fittings, chafing, and kinking. Failed hoses cause sudden loss of hydraulic or engine function, both dangerous during operation.

Question 54: What is a 'crane mat' and when is it used?

A large, heavy timber or steel mat placed under crane outriggers to spread the load on weak ground (Correct answer)
A rubber mat placed in the crane cab for operator comfort
A safety mat placed around the crane's perimeter
A mat used to protect the ground surface from oil contamination

Correct answer: A large, heavy timber or steel mat placed under crane outriggers to spread the load on weak ground

Crane mats are large timber or steel platforms placed under crane outriggers to spread the point load over a larger area, reducing ground pressure to within the site's bearing capacity.

Question 55: How often must a formal inspection of construction plant be carried out under PUWER?

Once per month regardless of use
Every day before use
At suitable intervals as determined by risk assessment (Correct answer)
Only when faults are suspected

Correct answer: At suitable intervals as determined by risk assessment

PUWER requires inspections at suitable intervals appropriate to the equipment and risk, determined by risk assessment rather than a fixed universal schedule.

Question 56: During a lift, the load begins to swing uncontrollably. What is the safest immediate action for the slinger/signaller?

Signal the operator to continue the lift faster to overcome the swing
Attempt to control the swing by grabbing the load with their hands
Move clear of the load's swing path and signal the operator to stop immediately (Correct answer)
Stand directly beneath the load to judge the extent of the swing

Correct answer: Move clear of the load's swing path and signal the operator to stop immediately

The safest action is to move clear of the swing path to avoid being struck, then signal stop — attempting to manually restrain a swinging load is extremely dangerous.

Question 57: What does LOLER require regarding records of thorough examinations?

Records are optional if the equipment is within the manufacturer's warranty period
Records only need to be kept by the examining body, not the equipment owner
Records only need to be kept if a defect was found
Records must be kept and made available for inspection — typically for at least 2 years for accessories and until the next examination for other equipment (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Records must be kept and made available for inspection — typically for at least 2 years for accessories and until the next examination for other equipment

LOLER requires examination records to be kept and made available for inspection. Lifting accessories records must be kept for at least two years; other lifting equipment records until the next examination.

Question 58: Which of the following best describes 'residual risk' in the context of PUWER and plant operation?

The risk recorded in the accident report
The remaining risk after all reasonably practicable control measures have been applied (Correct answer)
The risk before any controls are introduced
The risk that only affects third parties

Correct answer: The remaining risk after all reasonably practicable control measures have been applied

Residual risk is the level of risk that remains after all reasonably practicable control measures have been implemented. PUWER requires this to be reduced to an acceptable level.

Question 59: Under LOLER, what does 'marked with its SWL' mean for a lifting accessory?

SWL is recorded in a register but does not need marking on the equipment
Marking is only required for equipment over 5 tonnes SWL
Every sling, shackle, and hook must be permanently marked with the maximum safe working load (Correct answer)
Only the crane itself needs SWL marking

Correct answer: Every sling, shackle, and hook must be permanently marked with the maximum safe working load

LOLER requires all lifting accessories to be permanently marked with their SWL so operators can quickly verify that the equipment is rated for the intended lift.

Question 60: What should a slinger/signaller do immediately if they lose communication with the crane operator mid-lift?

Lower the load as quickly as possible without any signal
Use a mobile phone while directing the lift simultaneously
Signal the operator to stop and do not resume until communication is fully restored (Correct answer)
Continue the lift using hand signals only and hope the operator sees them

Correct answer: Signal the operator to stop and do not resume until communication is fully restored

If communication is lost, the slinger must signal stop immediately; the lift must not continue until effective communication is re-established to maintain safe control of the operation.

Question 61: Before operating any construction plant on site, what must an operator hold as a minimum requirement under the CPCS scheme?

A site induction certificate only
A first aid certificate
A full driving licence
A valid CPCS card for the relevant plant category (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A valid CPCS card for the relevant plant category

The CPCS scheme requires operators to hold a valid CPCS card for the specific category of plant they intend to operate. This demonstrates they have been trained and assessed as competent for that particular machine.

Question 62: What is a 'thorough examination' under PUWER for construction plant?

A checklist inspection by the site manager monthly
A manufacturer's service at the recommended mileage
A visual check performed by the operator each morning
A detailed examination by a competent person at specified intervals (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A detailed examination by a competent person at specified intervals

A thorough examination is a systematic and detailed examination carried out by a competent person, going beyond routine checks to identify defects and assess fitness for continued use.

Question 63: A colour-coded inspection tag system is commonly used for lifting accessories. What does a system of quarterly colour changes help to identify?

Whether the lifting accessory has been inspected within the current period (Correct answer)
The weight of the accessory
The country of manufacture
Which company owns the equipment

Correct answer: Whether the lifting accessory has been inspected within the current period

The colour-coded tag system uses a different colour for each quarter of the year. By checking the colour of the tag against the current quarter's colour, anyone on site can quickly verify whether the lifting accessory has been inspected within the required period without needing to check paperwork.

Question 64: A slinger discovers that a sling has kinks, crushed strands or a missing/illegible identification tag. What must they do?

Only use it if the lift is under 1 metre high
Use it for loads under half its rated SWL
Remove it from service immediately and report the defect (Correct answer)
Wrap the damaged area with tape and continue

Correct answer: Remove it from service immediately and report the defect

Any sling showing kinks, structural damage or a missing identification tag must be immediately removed from service and reported, as its safe working load can no longer be relied upon.

Question 65: What is the primary purpose of a pre-use check on construction plant?

To record the plant's fuel consumption
To log the operator's working hours
To check the plant's insurance documents
To identify defects or hazards before operation begins (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To identify defects or hazards before operation begins

Pre-use checks exist to identify any defects, damage, or hazards before the plant is operated, preventing accidents caused by mechanical failure or unsafe conditions.

Question 66: What does LOLER 1998 stand for?

Loading Operations and Logistics Equipment Regulations 1998
Lifting Oversight and Legal Enforcement Regulations 1998
Licensed Operators and Lifting Equipment Rules 1998
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998

LOLER stands for the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998. These regulations apply to all work equipment used for lifting and lowering loads, including cranes, telehandlers, hoists, and their associated lifting accessories such as slings and shackles.

Question 67: Under PUWER, plant must be maintained in an efficient state. What does this primarily mean?

It must be cleaned daily to look presentable
It must achieve maximum fuel efficiency
It must be upgraded every two years
It must be fit for purpose and safe to operate at all times (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It must be fit for purpose and safe to operate at all times

Maintaining plant in an efficient state means it must be safe, in working order, and fit for its intended purpose, not merely performing efficiently in economic terms.

Question 68: What action must an operator take before leaving a forward tipping dumper unattended?

Park on a slope pointing downhill
Lower the skip, apply the parking brake, switch off the engine, and remove the key (Correct answer)
Leave it in gear with the skip raised
Leave the engine running for quick restart

Correct answer: Lower the skip, apply the parking brake, switch off the engine, and remove the key

Before leaving the machine unattended, the operator must lower the skip fully, apply the parking brake, switch off the engine, remove the ignition key, and park on firm, level ground where possible. This prevents unauthorised use and accidental movement.

Question 69: What hazard do compressed-air services underground present if struck by plant?

Only a noise hazard from escaping air
No significant hazard — compressed air is not flammable
Compressed air services are too shallow to be struck by plant
High-pressure air blast that can cause injury and throw debris, as well as dislodging nearby ground (Correct answer)

Correct answer: High-pressure air blast that can cause injury and throw debris, as well as dislodging nearby ground

Striking a compressed-air service releases high-pressure air that can cause a violent blast, injuring nearby workers and dislodging debris or ground material unexpectedly.

Question 70: When travelling a loaded telehandler on site, how should the load be carried?

With the boom fully extended at driving height
Low to the ground with the boom retracted and forks tilted slightly back (Correct answer)
Resting on the cab roof for stability
As high as possible for maximum visibility

Correct answer: Low to the ground with the boom retracted and forks tilted slightly back

When travelling, the load should be carried as low as practicable (approximately 300-500mm above ground), with the boom fully retracted and the forks tilted slightly back. This keeps the centre of gravity low and maintains maximum machine stability.

CPCS Theory Test – Construction Plant Competence Scheme

The CPCS Theory Test assesses construction plant operators' knowledge of health and safety legislation, equipment pre-use checks, lifting operations (LOLER), equipment regulations (PUWER), and crane operations and signals required to hold a CPCS competence card.

Questions

60 min

Time Limit

80%

To Pass

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Exam Rules

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