CPA Animal Anatomy & Physiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In equine anatomy, what is the term for the area between the horse's withers and the point of the hip?
- Flank
- Croup
- Back
- Loin (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Loin
The loin (lumbar region) is the area between the last rib and the croup, overlying the lumbar vertebrae.
Question 2: What is the name of the process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy in the absence of oxygen?
- Aerobic respiration
- Glycolysis
- Anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation) (Correct answer)
- Oxidative phosphorylation
Correct answer: Anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation)
Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP from glucose without oxygen, generating lactic acid as a byproduct in muscle cells.
Question 3: Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering blood under pressure to produce the initial filtrate?
- Loop of Henle
- Distal tubule
- Glomerulus (Correct answer)
- Collecting duct
Correct answer: Glomerulus
The glomerulus is a capillary tuft where blood is filtered by hydrostatic pressure, producing the primary filtrate.
Question 4: In cattle reproductive anatomy, what is the function of the corpus luteum?
- Producing estrogen to trigger ovulation
- Secreting progesterone to maintain pregnancy (Correct answer)
- Storing mature oocytes
- Transporting sperm to the oocyte
Correct answer: Secreting progesterone to maintain pregnancy
The corpus luteum forms from a ruptured follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy.
Question 5: What type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is found at the shoulder of most domestic animals?
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
- Gliding joint
Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints allow movement in multiple planes and are found in the shoulder and hip of domestic animals.
Question 6: Which blood cells are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body?
- Platelets
- White blood cells (leukocytes)
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes) (Correct answer)
- Plasma proteins
Correct answer: Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues throughout the body.
Question 7: In swine anatomy, which organ is responsible for producing bile used in fat digestion?
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Liver (Correct answer)
- Gallbladder
Correct answer: Liver
The liver produces bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to emulsify fats.
CPA Animal Anatomy & Physiology 3
In equine anatomy, what is the term for the area between the horse's withers and the point of the hip?