CPA Animal Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach and intestines?
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle (Correct answer)
- Striated muscle
Correct answer: Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines the walls of hollow organs like the digestive tract.
Question 2: In livestock, the rumen is the first compartment of the stomach. What is its primary function?
- Secreting digestive enzymes
- Absorbing water and electrolytes
- Fermenting and breaking down plant fiber via microbes (Correct answer)
- Producing bile salts
Correct answer: Fermenting and breaking down plant fiber via microbes
The rumen houses microbial populations that ferment cellulose and other plant fibers through anaerobic digestion.
Question 3: What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in animals?
- Transporting oxygen to tissues
- Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supporting immunity (Correct answer)
- Producing red blood cells
- Regulating blood pressure
Correct answer: Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supporting immunity
The lymphatic system collects excess tissue fluid and returns it to circulation while also housing immune cells.
Question 4: Which bone is considered the largest and strongest bone in most large mammals?
- Humerus
- Tibia
- Femur (Correct answer)
- Radius
Correct answer: Femur
The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in most mammals including horses and cattle.
Question 5: In avian species, which organ replaces the diaphragm for respiratory function?
- Crop
- Air sacs (Correct answer)
- Gizzard
- Cloaca
Correct answer: Air sacs
Birds lack a diaphragm and instead use a system of air sacs that create a unidirectional airflow through the lungs.
Question 6: What term describes the tough, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone?
- Ligament
- Cartilage
- Fascia
- Tendon (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Tendon
Tendons are dense connective tissue structures that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to bone.
Question 7: Which gland in the endocrine system is often called the 'master gland' because it regulates many other endocrine glands?
- Thyroid gland
- Adrenal gland
- Pituitary gland (Correct answer)
- Pancreas
Correct answer: Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the thyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, and growth, earning it the title of master gland.
CPA Animal Anatomy & Physiology 2
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach and intestines?