Grooming Techniques Flashcards

Before applying a chemical relaxer to a client's hair, what must the groomer always perform?

Answer: A strand test and scalp analysis

A strand test determines processing time and a scalp analysis checks for cuts or irritation that would contraindicate chemical use.

What is the main difference between a thio-based perm and an alkaline perm?

Answer: Thio perms use ammonium thioglycolate at an acidic pH; alkaline perms use a higher pH for stronger processing

Thio-based perms work at a lower pH and are gentler, while alkaline perms have a higher pH and process more aggressively for coarser hair.

When applying color to achieve an even result, where should application typically begin?

Answer: At the mid-lengths and ends, then the roots last

Roots process faster due to body heat, so mid-lengths and ends are colored first to ensure even development throughout.

What chemical process is used to lighten hair by removing natural pigment?

Answer: Oxidation using bleach with developer

Bleach (lightener) combined with hydrogen peroxide developer triggers oxidation that breaks down melanin, lifting the hair's natural color.

A client's hair turns orange after bleaching. Which toner color is applied to neutralize the unwanted warmth?

Answer: Blue or blue-violet toner

Blue is opposite orange on the color wheel, so a blue or blue-violet toner neutralizes orange brassiness in lightened hair.

What is the purpose of a 'patch test' before applying a chemical hair color?

Answer: To detect potential allergic reactions to the color formula

A patch test, applied 24–48 hours before service, identifies clients who may have an allergic reaction to PPD or other color chemicals.

Which developer volume is most commonly used for a standard permanent color application that lifts 1–2 levels?

Answer: 20 volume (6%)

20 volume developer provides enough lift for 1–2 levels and is the standard choice for most permanent color services.