Animal Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

In equine anatomy, what is the term for the area between the horse's withers and the point of the hip?

Answer: Loin

The loin (lumbar region) is the area between the last rib and the croup, overlying the lumbar vertebrae.

What is the name of the process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy in the absence of oxygen?

Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation)

Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP from glucose without oxygen, generating lactic acid as a byproduct in muscle cells.

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering blood under pressure to produce the initial filtrate?

Answer: Glomerulus

The glomerulus is a capillary tuft where blood is filtered by hydrostatic pressure, producing the primary filtrate.

In cattle reproductive anatomy, what is the function of the corpus luteum?

Answer: Secreting progesterone to maintain pregnancy

The corpus luteum forms from a ruptured follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy.

What type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is found at the shoulder of most domestic animals?

Answer: Ball-and-socket joint

Ball-and-socket joints allow movement in multiple planes and are found in the shoulder and hip of domestic animals.

Which blood cells are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body?

Answer: Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues throughout the body.

In swine anatomy, which organ is responsible for producing bile used in fat digestion?

Answer: Liver

The liver produces bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to emulsify fats.