Animal Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach and intestines?

Answer: Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines the walls of hollow organs like the digestive tract.

In livestock, the rumen is the first compartment of the stomach. What is its primary function?

Answer: Fermenting and breaking down plant fiber via microbes

The rumen houses microbial populations that ferment cellulose and other plant fibers through anaerobic digestion.

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in animals?

Answer: Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supporting immunity

The lymphatic system collects excess tissue fluid and returns it to circulation while also housing immune cells.

Which bone is considered the largest and strongest bone in most large mammals?

Answer: Femur

The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in most mammals including horses and cattle.

In avian species, which organ replaces the diaphragm for respiratory function?

Answer: Air sacs

Birds lack a diaphragm and instead use a system of air sacs that create a unidirectional airflow through the lungs.

What term describes the tough, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone?

Answer: Tendon

Tendons are dense connective tissue structures that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to bone.

Which gland in the endocrine system is often called the 'master gland' because it regulates many other endocrine glands?

Answer: Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the thyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, and growth, earning it the title of master gland.