Human Development and Lifespan Flashcards

An aging pianist plays fewer pieces, practices them more, and slows down before fast passages so they seem quicker. This illustrates:

Answer: Selective optimization with compensation

Baltes's SOC model describes selecting goals, optimizing resources, and compensating for losses.

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, the relationship between a child's parents and teachers belongs to the:

Answer: Mesosystem

The mesosystem is made up of the connections between a child's microsystems, such as home and school.

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's theory mainly for:

Answer: Overlooking an ethic of care and relationships

Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's justice-based model, built on male samples, undervalued care-oriented moral reasoning.

Jeffrey Arnett's term for the period from roughly ages 18 to 25, marked by identity exploration and instability, is:

Answer: Emerging adulthood

Arnett proposed emerging adulthood as a separate stage between adolescence and young adulthood in industrialized societies.

Exposure to a teratogen is most likely to cause major structural birth defects during which prenatal period?

Answer: Embryonic period (weeks 3-8)

Major organs form during the embryonic period, which makes it the most critical window for structural defects.

A 14-year-old refuses to go to school because she is sure everyone will notice a small pimple. Elkind would call this:

Answer: Imaginary audience

The imaginary audience is the adolescent belief that one is always being watched and judged by others.

An older adult deliberately shrinks her social circle to a few close, emotionally meaningful relationships. Which theory best explains this?

Answer: Socioemotional selectivity theory

Carstensen's theory holds that as perceived time grows shorter, people put emotionally meaningful goals and relationships first.