COT Ocular Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The anterior chamber angle structures visible on gonioscopy, from posterior to anterior, are in which order?
- Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, ciliary body band
- Ciliary body band, scleral spur, trabecular meshwork, Schwalbe's line (Correct answer)
- Trabecular meshwork, Schwalbe's line, scleral spur, ciliary body band
- Scleral spur, ciliary body band, trabecular meshwork, Schwalbe's line
Correct answer: Ciliary body band, scleral spur, trabecular meshwork, Schwalbe's line
From the most posterior to the most anterior, the angle structures are ciliary body band, scleral spur, trabecular meshwork, and Schwalbe's line.
Question 2: The central retinal artery, the primary blood supply to the inner retina, is a branch of which vessel?
- Internal carotid artery
- Ophthalmic artery (Correct answer)
- Posterior ciliary artery
- Middle cerebral artery
Correct answer: Ophthalmic artery
The central retinal artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery and enters the optic nerve to supply the inner layers of the retina.
Question 3: Which layer of the retina contains the cell bodies of photoreceptors?
- Outer nuclear layer (Correct answer)
- Inner nuclear layer
- Ganglion cell layer
- Outer plexiform layer
Correct answer: Outer nuclear layer
The outer nuclear layer contains the nuclei (cell bodies) of rod and cone photoreceptors.
Question 4: The lens of the eye is held in position by which structure?
- Vitreous humor
- Iris
- Zonules of Zinn (Correct answer)
- Anterior hyaloid membrane
Correct answer: Zonules of Zinn
The zonules of Zinn (suspensory ligaments) attach the lens capsule to the ciliary body, holding the lens in position and transmitting accommodative forces.
Question 5: Normal intraocular pressure (IOP) in adults typically ranges from:
- 5–10 mmHg
- 10–21 mmHg (Correct answer)
- 22–30 mmHg
- 30–40 mmHg
Correct answer: 10–21 mmHg
The statistically normal IOP range is 10–21 mmHg, with values above 21 mmHg considered ocular hypertension and associated with increased glaucoma risk.
Question 6: The lacrimal gland drains tears onto the ocular surface through ducts that open into which area?
- Inferior fornix
- Superior fornix (Correct answer)
- Lacrimal punctum
- Nasolacrimal duct
Correct answer: Superior fornix
The lacrimal gland's excretory ducts (approximately 10–12) open into the superior conjunctival fornix, releasing tears onto the ocular surface.
COT Ocular Anatomy and Physiology 2
The anterior chamber angle structures visible on gonioscopy, from posterior to anterior, are in which order?