Optometry Flashcards

A patient's manifest refraction is +1.00 D but cycloplegic refraction shows +3.00 D. The hidden +2.00 D is called:

Answer: Latent hyperopia

Latent hyperopia is the portion of hyperopia that is masked by accommodative tone and only revealed under cycloplegia.

The amplitude of accommodation formula using the push-up method calculates accommodation from the near point distance. If the near point is 10 cm, the amplitude is:

Answer: 10 D

Amplitude of accommodation = 1/near point distance in meters = 1/0.10 m = 10 D.

Which condition is characterized by an increase in the refractive index of the crystalline lens, typically seen in early nuclear cataracts?

Answer: Index myopia

Index myopia occurs when the refractive index of the lens nucleus increases (as in early nuclear sclerosis), increasing its converging power.

What is the standard working distance used in retinoscopy, and what lens does the examiner add to neutralize this distance?

Answer: 50 cm / +2.00 D

The standard retinoscopy working distance is 67 cm (adding +1.50 D) or 50 cm (adding +2.00 D); 67 cm/+1.50 D is most common in the US.

Which term describes the difference in refractive error between the two eyes?

Answer: Anisometropia

Anisometropia is the condition in which the two eyes have significantly different refractive errors, which can cause amblyopia if present during visual development.

A patient reports that straight lines appear wavy or distorted. This symptom is called:

Answer: Metamorphopsia

Metamorphopsia is the perception of distorted or wavy images and is commonly associated with macular disease such as epiretinal membrane or AMD.

During a cover test, the uncovered eye makes an outward movement to pick up fixation. This indicates:

Answer: Esotropia

When the uncovered eye moves outward to fixate, the covered eye was deviated inward (esotropia), a constant convergent strabismus.