Ocular Motility Testing Flashcards

Brown syndrome is caused by:

Answer: Restriction of the superior oblique tendon sheath

Brown syndrome results from a tight or restricted superior oblique tendon sheath, limiting passive and active elevation in adduction.

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is caused by a lesion in which structure?

Answer: Medial longitudinal fasciculus

INO results from a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), disrupting conjugate horizontal gaze coordination between the abducens and contralateral oculomotor nuclei.

During near point of convergence (NPC) testing, a receded NPC (beyond 10 cm) is associated with:

Answer: Convergence insufficiency

A receded NPC beyond approximately 6–10 cm is the hallmark objective finding in convergence insufficiency.

The Bagolini striated lens test is used to evaluate:

Answer: Binocular status under near-natural conditions

Bagolini striated lenses minimally disrupt binocular vision, allowing assessment of fusion, suppression, and anomalous retinal correspondence under near-natural viewing conditions.

In the prism and alternate cover (PACT) test, what does the total deviation measured represent?

Answer: The total deviation including both phoria and tropia

The PACT disrupts fusion completely, measuring the total deviation which includes both the manifest (tropia) and latent (phoria) components.

Positive fusional vergence (PFV) is measured by increasing which type of prism before both eyes?

Answer: Base-out prism

PFV is measured by placing increasing base-out prism before both eyes while the patient maintains fusion on a target, stimulating convergence.

Strabismus surgery to treat esotropia most commonly involves which procedure?

Answer: Bilateral medial rectus recession

Bilateral medial rectus recession is the standard surgical approach for comitant esotropia, weakening the overacting adductors.