Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
7 cards from real COT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text
Which extraocular muscle is the only one innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV)?
Answer: Superior oblique
The trochlear nerve (CN IV) exclusively innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, intorts, and abducts the eye.
The crystalline lens receives its nutrition primarily from:
Answer: Aqueous and vitreous humor
The avascular crystalline lens depends entirely on diffusion from the aqueous humor anteriorly and vitreous humor posteriorly for nutrients.
Which type of collagen is the predominant component of the vitreous humor?
Answer: Type II collagen
Type II collagen fibrils form the scaffolding of the vitreous gel, interspersed with hyaluronic acid.
The pupillary light reflex afferent pathway travels via which cranial nerve?
Answer: Cranial nerve II
The afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex travels along cranial nerve II (optic nerve) to the pretectal nucleus in the midbrain.
The macula lutea gets its yellow color from which pigments?
Answer: Lutein and zeaxanthin
Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoid pigments concentrated in the macula that filter blue light and protect against oxidative damage.
Which structure maintains the eye's round shape and prevents it from collapsing?
Answer: Intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure (normal 10–21 mmHg) inflates the globe and maintains its shape for proper optical function.
The ora serrata is significant because it marks the:
Answer: Transition between the peripheral retina and pars plana
The ora serrata is the serrated anterior border of the neurosensory retina where it transitions to the non-photosensitive pars plana.