Ocular Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
6 cards from real COT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text
Which layer of the cornea is responsible for maintaining corneal deturgescence through its pump function?
Answer: Endothelium
The corneal endothelium contains Na+/K+-ATPase pumps that actively remove fluid from the stroma to maintain corneal clarity.
The fovea centralis, responsible for the sharpest central vision, is located in which retinal structure?
Answer: Macula lutea
The fovea centralis is a small depression at the center of the macula lutea and contains the highest concentration of cone photoreceptors.
Aqueous humor is produced by which structure of the eye?
Answer: Ciliary body
The ciliary body epithelium secretes aqueous humor into the posterior chamber, where it flows through the pupil into the anterior chamber.
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
Answer: CN VI
Cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) exclusively innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.
The optic nerve head (optic disc) is located approximately how many degrees nasal to the fovea?
Answer: 15 degrees
The optic disc is located approximately 15 degrees nasal to the fovea, corresponding to the blind spot in the visual field.
Which photoreceptor type is primarily responsible for color vision and functions best in photopic (bright light) conditions?
Answer: Cones
Cones are concentrated in the macula and fovea, are responsible for color discrimination, and function optimally under bright lighting conditions.