COMAT COMAT Pathophysiology and Disease Processes 1

Question 1

Which mechanism best explains the pain of angina pectoris in coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Ischemia-induced accumulation of metabolites stimulating cardiac nociceptors

Answer

Direct myocardial necrosis with troponin release

Answer

Pericardial inflammation irritating the diaphragm

Answer

Aortic dissection compressing coronary ostia

Question 2

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is primarily characterized by which underlying pathophysiologic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency

Answer

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Answer

Absolute insulin deficiency due to pancreatectomy

Answer

Glucagon receptor mutation causing hyperglycemia

Question 3

A patient with COPD has a PaCO2 of 55 mmHg chronically — which acid-base disorder is present?

Accepted Answer

Chronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

Answer

Acute respiratory acidosis

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

Answer

Mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis

Question 4

The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome involves loss of which glomerular barrier property?

Accepted Answer

Charge selectivity allowing albumin to cross the GBM

Answer

Size selectivity allowing water filtration

Answer

Tubular reabsorption capacity for glucose

Answer

Juxtaglomerular apparatus renin secretion

Question 5

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the fever response during acute systemic infection?

Accepted Answer

IL-1β

Answer

IL-4

Answer

IL-10

Answer

TGF-β

Question 6

In left heart failure, pulmonary edema occurs primarily due to which hemodynamic change?

Accepted Answer

Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure exceeding oncotic pressure

Answer

Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer

Increased lymphatic drainage absorbing excess fluid

Answer

Decreased right ventricular output reducing lung perfusion