Cognizant Quality Assurance and Improvement 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the key difference between Verification and Validation in software quality?
- Verification checks if the product is built right; Validation checks if the right product is built (Correct answer)
- Verification is done by developers; Validation is done by testers
- Verification happens after release; Validation happens before release
- Verification tests functionality; Validation tests performance
Correct answer: Verification checks if the product is built right; Validation checks if the right product is built
Verification ensures the product conforms to specifications, while Validation ensures it meets the user's actual needs.
Question 2: In Agile quality practices, what is the purpose of a 'Definition of Done' (DoD)?
- A shared checklist that defines when a user story or task is considered complete (Correct answer)
- A document describing the project's final deliverables
- A metric for measuring team velocity
- A list of acceptance criteria written by the product owner
Correct answer: A shared checklist that defines when a user story or task is considered complete
The Definition of Done is a team agreement outlining all conditions that must be met before a work item is considered complete.
Question 3: Which type of software testing checks that a new code change hasn't broken existing functionality?
- Regression Testing (Correct answer)
- Smoke Testing
- Sanity Testing
- Exploratory Testing
Correct answer: Regression Testing
Regression Testing re-executes existing tests after code changes to ensure previously working features still function correctly.
Question 4: What is a 'quality gate' in a CI/CD pipeline?
- A checkpoint that enforces quality criteria before code proceeds to the next stage (Correct answer)
- A firewall that blocks unauthorized code commits
- A tool for measuring the number of lines of code written per day
- A review meeting held at the end of every sprint
Correct answer: A checkpoint that enforces quality criteria before code proceeds to the next stage
A quality gate is a set of conditions that must be met (e.g., test coverage thresholds, no critical bugs) before code can advance in the pipeline.
Question 5: What does 'Mean Time to Repair' (MTTR) measure in quality management?
- The average time taken to fix a system after a failure (Correct answer)
- The average lifespan of a software component before it fails
- The average number of defects found per sprint
- The average time between two consecutive system failures
Correct answer: The average time taken to fix a system after a failure
MTTR measures how quickly a team can restore a system to normal operation after a failure occurs.
Question 6: In statistical quality control, what is a 'control chart' used for?
- Monitoring process variation over time to detect when a process is out of control (Correct answer)
- Ranking defects by their frequency and severity
- Planning the testing schedule for a sprint
- Documenting the root cause of a recurring defect
Correct answer: Monitoring process variation over time to detect when a process is out of control
A control chart displays process data over time with upper and lower control limits to detect unusual variation.
Question 7: Which QA approach involves testing a system without any knowledge of its internal code structure?
- Black-Box Testing (Correct answer)
- White-Box Testing
- Gray-Box Testing
- Glass-Box Testing
Correct answer: Black-Box Testing
Black-Box Testing evaluates the system's functionality based only on inputs and expected outputs, without examining internal logic.
Cognizant Quality Assurance and Improvement 3
What is the key difference between Verification and Validation in software quality?