Cognizant Quality Assurance and Improvement 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which quality metric measures the percentage of defects found after a software release compared to total defects?
- Defect Escape Rate (Correct answer)
- Defect Density
- Mean Time to Failure
- Code Coverage
Correct answer: Defect Escape Rate
Defect Escape Rate measures the proportion of defects that slip past testing and are discovered in production.
Question 2: In the context of software testing, what does 'shift-left' testing mean?
- Moving testing activities earlier in the SDLC (Correct answer)
- Reducing the number of testers on a project
- Shifting testing responsibilities to the left side of the org chart
- Running tests from left to right in sequence
Correct answer: Moving testing activities earlier in the SDLC
Shift-left testing means integrating testing activities earlier in the development lifecycle to catch defects sooner and reduce costs.
Question 3: What is the primary purpose of a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in quality management?
- To identify and address the underlying cause of a defect or problem (Correct answer)
- To assign blame to the team member who introduced the defect
- To calculate the cost of fixing a bug
- To document the symptoms of a production issue
Correct answer: To identify and address the underlying cause of a defect or problem
RCA aims to identify the fundamental reason a problem occurred so corrective actions can prevent recurrence.
Question 4: Which testing type validates that a system meets specified business and functional requirements?
- Acceptance Testing (Correct answer)
- Unit Testing
- Load Testing
- Mutation Testing
Correct answer: Acceptance Testing
Acceptance Testing verifies the system satisfies the agreed-upon requirements and is ready for delivery.
Question 5: In Six Sigma, what does 'DMAIC' stand for?
- Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (Correct answer)
- Design, Model, Assess, Implement, Check
- Detect, Monitor, Analyze, Inspect, Correct
- Define, Manage, Audit, Integrate, Close
Correct answer: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
DMAIC is Six Sigma's data-driven improvement cycle: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control.
Question 6: What is 'Test Coverage' in software quality assurance?
- The degree to which test cases exercise the source code or requirements (Correct answer)
- The number of testers assigned to a project
- The time allocated for testing in the project schedule
- The total number of defects found during testing
Correct answer: The degree to which test cases exercise the source code or requirements
Test coverage measures how much of the code or requirements are exercised by the existing test suite.
Question 7: Which principle of the ISO 9001 quality management standard focuses on building mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers?
- Relationship Management (Correct answer)
- Customer Focus
- Process Approach
- Evidence-Based Decision Making
Correct answer: Relationship Management
Relationship Management (formerly 'Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships') is one of ISO 9001's seven quality management principles.
Cognizant Quality Assurance and Improvement 2
Which quality metric measures the percentage of defects found after a software release compared to total defects?