COBGC Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The ovarian cycle consists of which two main phases?
- Menstrual and secretory
- Follicular and luteal (Correct answer)
- Proliferative and ovulatory
- Estrogen and progesterone phases
Correct answer: Follicular and luteal
The ovarian cycle is divided into the follicular phase (dominant follicle matures) and the luteal phase (corpus luteum forms after ovulation).
Question 2: Which hormone surge directly triggers ovulation?
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) (Correct answer)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Correct answer: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A midcycle LH surge from the anterior pituitary triggers final follicular maturation and rupture, releasing the oocyte.
Question 3: The fallopian tube is divided into which four anatomical segments from proximal to distal?
- Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae
- Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum (Correct answer)
- Ampulla, isthmus, interstitial, fimbriae
- Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, interstitial
Correct answer: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
From uterus outward, the four segments are interstitial (within the uterine wall), isthmus (narrow), ampulla (wide, site of fertilization), and infundibulum (funnel-shaped opening with fimbriae).
Question 4: The corpus luteum forms from which structure following ovulation?
- Primordial follicle
- Graafian (mature) follicle (Correct answer)
- Corpus albicans
- Endometrial stroma
Correct answer: Graafian (mature) follicle
After the Graafian follicle releases its oocyte, the remaining granulosa and theca cells luteinize to form the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone.
Question 5: Which ligament directly connects the ovary to the lateral wall of the uterus?
- Infundibulopelvic (suspensory) ligament
- Round ligament
- Ovarian (utero-ovarian) ligament (Correct answer)
- Cardinal ligament
Correct answer: Ovarian (utero-ovarian) ligament
The ovarian ligament (utero-ovarian ligament) runs within the broad ligament to attach the medial pole of the ovary to the uterine cornua.
Question 6: Estrogen biosynthesis in the ovarian follicle primarily occurs through which cellular mechanism?
- Granulosa cells aromatize theca-derived androgens into estrogen (Correct answer)
- Theca cells directly secrete estrogen
- Stromal cells convert FSH into estrogen
- Cumulus cells produce estrogen from progesterone
Correct answer: Granulosa cells aromatize theca-derived androgens into estrogen
Theca cells produce androgens (androstenedione, testosterone) under LH stimulation; granulosa cells then aromatize these androgens to estradiol under FSH stimulation (the two-cell theory).
Question 7: The fimbriae are finger-like projections located at which segment of the fallopian tube?
- Isthmus
- Interstitial portion
- Ampulla
- Infundibulum (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Infundibulum
The infundibulum is the distal funnel-shaped end of the fallopian tube; its fimbriae sweep over the ovary to capture the released oocyte at ovulation.
COBGC Anatomy and Physiology 2
The ovarian cycle consists of which two main phases?