CNS Sports Nutrition & Exercise Physiology 2

Question 1

The female athlete triad consists of which three interrelated components?

Accepted Answer

Low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density

Answer

Overtraining, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

Answer

Disordered eating, muscle wasting, and vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Anemia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance

Question 2

Which body composition assessment method uses the principle that lean tissue is denser than fat tissue to estimate percent body fat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing

Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Answer

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Answer

Skinfold calipers

Question 3

Co-ingestion of protein with carbohydrate immediately after resistance exercise primarily enhances recovery by:

Accepted Answer

Stimulating muscle protein synthesis and augmenting insulin-mediated glucose uptake

Answer

Increasing carbohydrate absorption rate in the small intestine

Answer

Reducing cortisol concentrations to zero

Answer

Eliminating delayed onset muscle soreness completely

Question 4

An endurance athlete training at altitude (>2,500 m) for 3 weeks requires increased dietary attention to which micronutrient due to accelerated erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Zinc

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 5

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) differs from the female athlete triad in that RED-S:

Accepted Answer

Encompasses male athletes and affects multiple physiological systems beyond bone and reproduction

Answer

Applies only to female athletes with eating disorders

Answer

Focuses exclusively on bone stress fracture risk

Answer

Is less severe and requires no clinical intervention

Question 6

Which ergogenic effect of caffeine is most strongly supported by current evidence in endurance athletes?

Accepted Answer

Reduced perceived exertion and improved time-to-exhaustion performance

Answer

Increased muscle glycogen storage prior to exercise

Answer

Enhanced fat utilization that completely spares carbohydrate

Answer

Increased testosterone production

Question 7

A marathon runner reports chronic fatigue, declining performance, mood disturbances, and frequent illness over several months. The MOST likely nutritional diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Overreaching with relative energy deficiency

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Answer

Excessive protein intake