CNA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of skin contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels?
- Epidermis
- Dermis (Correct answer)
- Hypodermis
- Stratum corneum
Correct answer: Dermis
The dermis is the middle layer of skin and contains sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels.
Question 2: The primary function of the lymphatic system is to:
- Produce red blood cells
- Return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream (Correct answer)
- Regulate blood pressure
- Produce digestive enzymes
Correct answer: Return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
The lymphatic system collects excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the circulatory system, also playing a key role in immunity.
Question 3: Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
- Saddle joint
Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, allow movement in all planes and directions, providing the greatest range of motion.
Question 4: The organ responsible for filtering blood and producing urine is the:
- Liver
- Spleen
- Kidney (Correct answer)
- Bladder
Correct answer: Kidney
The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess water, producing urine as a byproduct.
Question 5: Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Left ventricle
The left ventricle has the thickest walls and pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the systemic circulation.
Question 6: The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy is called:
- Photosynthesis
- Cellular respiration (Correct answer)
- Osmosis
- Diffusion
Correct answer: Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the metabolic process in which cells break down glucose using oxygen to produce ATP (energy).
Question 7: Which bone protects the brain from injury?
- Mandible
- Sternum
- Cranium (Correct answer)
- Clavicle
Correct answer: Cranium
The cranium, made up of several fused bones, forms the protective bony case surrounding and protecting the brain.
CNA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 4
Which layer of skin contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels?