CNA Basic Human Anatomy and Age-Related Changes

Question 1

Which age-related change to the cardiovascular system is most commonly observed in elderly patients?

Accepted Answer

Arteries become stiffer, leading to increased blood pressure

Answer

The heart beats faster to compensate for reduced efficiency

Answer

Arteries become more flexible and elastic with age

Answer

The heart grows larger, increasing its pumping capacity

Question 2

An elderly patient's skin appears thin, dry, and fragile. Which age-related change best explains these characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of collagen and reduced subcutaneous fat

Answer

Increased production of sebaceous (oil) glands

Answer

Increased blood flow to the skin surface

Answer

Thickening of the epidermis due to sun exposure

Question 3

Which change in the musculoskeletal system is a normal part of the aging process?

Accepted Answer

Progressive loss of muscle mass and bone density

Answer

Increased bone density due to greater calcium absorption

Answer

Joints become more flexible and mobile with age

Answer

Cartilage regenerates more rapidly in older adults

Question 4

An elderly resident frequently says they are not hungry and eats very little at meals. Which age-related change most likely contributes to decreased appetite in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Decreased sense of taste and smell

Answer

Increased production of digestive enzymes

Answer

Faster emptying of the stomach after meals

Answer

Increased metabolic rate requiring fewer calories

Question 5

Why are elderly patients more susceptible to hypothermia (dangerously low body temperature) than younger adults?

Accepted Answer

They have decreased subcutaneous fat and reduced ability to shiver effectively

Answer

They produce more sweat, causing excessive heat loss

Answer

They have increased metabolic rates generating more heat

Answer

They drink more fluids, diluting the blood and reducing its warming capacity

Question 6

Normal age-related changes in the urinary system include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced kidney function and decreased bladder muscle tone

Answer

Increased bladder capacity and ability to hold larger volumes of urine

Answer

Faster filtration of waste products from the blood

Answer

Decreased frequency of urination due to more efficient kidney concentration