CNA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 3

Question 1

A CNA is performing range-of-motion exercises for a resident with a contracture in his hand. What is the underlying physiological reason for the contracture's resistance to movement?

Accepted Answer

Inelastic, fibrous tissue has replaced elastic muscle tissue.

Answer

The bones of the joint have fused together.

Answer

Nerve signals are constantly telling the muscle to fire.

Answer

The joint capsule has become over-hydrated and swollen.

Question 2

A resident who rarely goes outside and has a diet low in fortified milk is at an increased risk for bone fractures. This is primarily because lack of sun exposure directly impairs the skin's ability to produce which vitamin, essential for calcium absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 3

A CNA is caring for a resident with significant swelling (edema) in their left leg. While the circulatory system is involved, which other body system's primary failure leads to this accumulation of excess interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic system

Answer

Urinary system

Answer

Endocrine system

Answer

Integumentary system

Question 4

A CNA observes that a resident, who is normally calm, suddenly becomes extremely anxious, with a rapid pulse, pale skin, and sweating. These signs are part of the 'fight or flight' response, which is triggered by hormones released from which endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 5

The care plan for a resident with a pressure ulcer on their sacrum states: 'Wound is 3 cm superior to the gluteal cleft.' To understand this, the CNA must recognize that 'superior' is a directional term related to which anatomical plane?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer

Sagittal plane

Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer

Oblique plane

Question 6

While providing care, a CNA notices a resident's pupils are constricted ('pinned'), and their skin is cool and clammy, even though the room is warm. These involuntary responses are regulated by which part of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system