CNA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 2

Question 1

An elderly resident with a history of cardiovascular disease is in a facility without air conditioning during a heatwave.
Which age-related physiological change puts them at the GREATEST risk for hyperthermia?

Accepted Answer

Reduced sweat gland function and decreased skin blood flow.

Answer

Increased metabolic rate leading to excess heat production.

Answer

A blunted thirst mechanism, leading to severe dehydration.

Answer

Thickening of the subcutaneous fat layer, trapping heat.

Question 2

A CNA is assisting a resident with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) during a meal. The resident begins to cough forcefully after taking a drink of water. Which structure is designed to prevent this from happening by covering the larynx?

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis

Answer

The uvula

Answer

The trachea

Answer

The esophagus

Question 3

A resident has developed pitting edema in their lower legs. Which of the following best describes the role of the lymphatic system in preventing this condition?

Accepted Answer

It collects excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the bloodstream.

Answer

It produces white blood cells to fight infection in the tissues.

Answer

It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the legs.

Answer

It transports hormones that regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.

Question 4

A resident experiences a sudden, frightening fall but is not physically injured. A CNA observes that the resident's heart is racing and they are breathing rapidly. This immediate "fight-or-flight" response is primarily triggered by hormones from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 5

In an adult, what is the primary physiological function of yellow bone marrow, which is more abundant than red bone marrow in the shaft of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Storage of fat for energy reserves.

Answer

Production of all new red and white blood cells.

Answer

Filtering of old and damaged blood cells from circulation.

Answer

Production of calcium to strengthen the bone matrix.

Question 6

Which of the following is a normal physiological change in the urinary system due to aging, which a CNA should anticipate when providing care for elderly residents?

Accepted Answer

The bladder muscles weaken and its capacity decreases.

Answer

The bladder becomes more elastic and can hold more urine.

Answer

Kidney function and filtration rate significantly increase.

Answer

The sensation of thirst becomes more acute and reliable.