CN Clinical Nutrition & Disease Prevention 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which fat modification is most strongly recommended to lower LDL cholesterol in patients with dyslipidemia?
- Replace saturated fat with unsaturated fat (Correct answer)
- Replace all fat with refined carbohydrates
- Increase trans fat from natural sources
- Eliminate dietary fat entirely
Correct answer: Replace saturated fat with unsaturated fat
Replacing saturated fats with mono- and polyunsaturated fats lowers LDL cholesterol more effectively than replacing fat with refined carbs.
Question 2: A patient with gout should be advised to limit which of the following to reduce uric acid levels?
- Low-fat dairy products
- Cherries
- Organ meats and beer (Correct answer)
- Coffee
Correct answer: Organ meats and beer
Organ meats are high in purines and beer contains both purines and alcohol, all of which raise uric acid.
Question 3: Which feeding approach is preferred for a stroke patient with dysphagia who has a functional gastrointestinal tract but cannot safely swallow?
- Total parenteral nutrition
- Enteral tube feeding (Correct answer)
- Clear liquid diet by mouth
- NPO with IV dextrose only
Correct answer: Enteral tube feeding
Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral whenever the gut works, preserving gut integrity and reducing infection risk.
Question 4: Which micronutrient deficiency is a major concern after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass due to bypassed absorption sites and reduced intrinsic factor?
- Vitamin B12 (Correct answer)
- Vitamin E
- Biotin
- Chloride
Correct answer: Vitamin B12
Gastric bypass reduces intrinsic factor production and bypasses absorption sites, making B12 deficiency common without supplementation.
Question 5: For primary prevention of neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should consume how much folic acid daily?
- 40 mcg
- 400 mcg (Correct answer)
- 4 mg
- 40 mg
Correct answer: 400 mcg
The standard recommendation is 400 mcg of folic acid daily for women capable of becoming pregnant.
Question 6: A patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) would benefit most from which intervention?
- Rapid weight loss of 5 pounds per week
- Gradual weight loss of 7-10% of body weight (Correct answer)
- High-fructose fruit juice diet
- Zero-fat diet
Correct answer: Gradual weight loss of 7-10% of body weight
Gradual loss of 7-10% of body weight reduces liver fat and inflammation, while rapid weight loss can worsen NAFLD.
Question 7: Which mineral should be restricted in the diet of a patient with heart failure to prevent fluid retention?
- Potassium
- Sodium (Correct answer)
- Magnesium
- Iodine
Correct answer: Sodium
Sodium restriction helps prevent fluid retention and reduces cardiac workload in heart failure patients.
CN Clinical Nutrition & Disease Prevention 3
Which fat modification is most strongly recommended to lower LDL cholesterol in patients with dyslipidemia?