CN Clinical Nutrition & Disease Prevention 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A patient with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (not on dialysis) should typically follow which protein recommendation?
- 0.6-0.8 g/kg body weight per day (Correct answer)
- 1.5-2.0 g/kg body weight per day
- Unlimited protein from plant sources only
- Complete protein restriction
Correct answer: 0.6-0.8 g/kg body weight per day
Moderate protein restriction of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day helps slow progression of kidney damage in pre-dialysis CKD.
Question 2: Which dietary pattern has the strongest evidence for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients?
- Ketogenic diet
- DASH diet (Correct answer)
- Carnivore diet
- Intermittent fasting alone
Correct answer: DASH diet
The DASH diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy while low in sodium, is clinically proven to reduce blood pressure.
Question 3: In a patient with celiac disease, which grain is safe to consume?
- Barley
- Rye
- Quinoa (Correct answer)
- Wheat berries
Correct answer: Quinoa
Quinoa is a naturally gluten-free pseudocereal, while barley, rye, and wheat all contain gluten.
Question 4: Which laboratory marker is most useful for assessing long-term glycemic control in diabetes management?
- Fasting blood glucose
- Hemoglobin A1c (Correct answer)
- Postprandial glucose
- Serum insulin
Correct answer: Hemoglobin A1c
Hemoglobin A1c reflects average blood glucose over the previous two to three months.
Question 5: A patient on warfarin therapy should be counseled to maintain a consistent intake of which nutrient?
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin K (Correct answer)
- Calcium
- Vitamin B12
Correct answer: Vitamin K
Vitamin K counteracts warfarin's anticoagulant effect, so consistent intake keeps INR stable.
Question 6: Which nutritional strategy is most appropriate for a patient with diverticulosis to prevent diverticulitis flares?
- Low-fiber diet indefinitely
- High-fiber diet with adequate fluids (Correct answer)
- Elimination of all seeds and nuts
- High-protein, low-carbohydrate diet
Correct answer: High-fiber diet with adequate fluids
High fiber intake with fluids softens stool and reduces colonic pressure, lowering diverticulitis risk; seed avoidance is no longer supported by evidence.
Question 7: Elevated homocysteine, a cardiovascular risk factor, is most commonly associated with deficiency of which nutrients?
- Vitamin A, D, and E
- Folate, B6, and B12 (Correct answer)
- Iron, zinc, and copper
- Vitamin C and selenium
Correct answer: Folate, B6, and B12
Folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 are cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, and their deficiency raises homocysteine levels.
CN Clinical Nutrition & Disease Prevention 2
A patient with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (not on dialysis) should typically follow which protein recommendation?