CN CN Pediatric & Maternal Nutrition 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration according to major health organizations in the US?
- 3 months
- 6 months (Correct answer)
- 12 months
- 18 months
Correct answer: 6 months
The American Academy of Pediatrics and WHO recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life.
Question 2: Which nutrient is commonly supplemented in exclusively breastfed infants due to insufficient levels in breast milk alone?
- Calcium
- Iron
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Zinc
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Breast milk contains insufficient vitamin D, so exclusively breastfed infants require a 400 IU daily supplement starting shortly after birth.
Question 3: What is the recommended additional caloric intake for pregnant women during the second trimester?
- No additional calories needed
- Approximately 340 additional calories per day (Correct answer)
- Approximately 700 additional calories per day
- Approximately 1,000 additional calories per day
Correct answer: Approximately 340 additional calories per day
The DRI recommends approximately 340 additional calories per day during the second trimester to support fetal growth.
Question 4: Which nutrient deficiency during the periconceptional period is most strongly associated with neural tube defects?
- Iron
- Calcium
- Folate (Correct answer)
- Vitamin B12
Correct answer: Folate
Inadequate folate intake in the weeks before and after conception significantly increases the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida.
Question 5: At what age is it recommended to introduce solid foods to infants?
- 2–3 months
- 4–6 months (with readiness signs) (Correct answer)
- 8–10 months
- 12 months only
Correct answer: 4–6 months (with readiness signs)
Solid foods should be introduced around 4–6 months when infants show developmental readiness signs such as sitting with support and showing interest in food.
Question 6: What is the primary concern with giving honey to infants under 12 months of age?
- Excessive sugar causing tooth decay
- Risk of infant botulism from Clostridium botulinum spores (Correct answer)
- Allergic reaction to bee pollen
- High caloric density causing obesity
Correct answer: Risk of infant botulism from Clostridium botulinum spores
Honey may contain Clostridium botulinum spores that an infant's immature digestive system cannot neutralize, risking potentially fatal infant botulism.
CN CN Pediatric & Maternal Nutrition 1
What is the recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration according to major health organizations in the US?