CMT Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Pathophysiology 5

Question 1

The intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus is composed primarily of:

Accepted Answer

Type II collagen and aggrecan proteoglycans

Answer

The nucleus pulposus contains predominantly Type II collagen and large aggregating proteoglycans (aggrecan) that attract water, giving it hydrostatic pressure properties.

Question 2

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) most commonly compresses neurovascular structures between the:

Accepted Answer

Anterior and middle scalene muscles (scalene triangle)

Answer

The most common site of TOS compression is the scalene triangle between the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and first rib.

Question 3

Which connective tissue pathology is characterized by angiofibroblastic hyperplasia and degeneration of the common extensor tendon origin?

Accepted Answer

Tendinosis (lateral epicondylosis)

Answer

Tendinosis (lateral epicondylosis, commonly called 'tennis elbow') shows angiofibroblastic degeneration with no inflammatory cells — a failed healing response.

Question 4

The 'capsular pattern' of the hip joint in a manual therapy context refers to restriction primarily in:

Accepted Answer

Flexion > abduction > medial rotation

Answer

The hip capsular pattern follows flexion most restricted, followed by abduction, then medial rotation, indicating joint capsule pathology.

Question 5

Muscle spindles (intrafusal fibers) primarily detect:

Accepted Answer

Changes in muscle length and velocity of stretch

Answer

Muscle spindles are stretch receptors that detect changes in muscle length (static response via bag2/chain fibers) and velocity of stretch (dynamic response via bag1 fibers).

(CMT) Certified Manual Therapist Practice Test

(CMT) Certified Manual Therapist Practice Test

CMT Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Pathophysiology 5