CMT Emergency Response and First Aid 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: For a severe arterial bleed, the primary initial control measure is:
- Applying a tourniquet immediately
- Elevating the limb only
- Applying direct pressure with a clean cloth or bandage (Correct answer)
- Applying ice packs to the wound
Correct answer: Applying direct pressure with a clean cloth or bandage
Direct pressure is the first-line intervention to control external hemorrhage before escalating to tourniquets.
Question 2: A patient presents with pale, cool, clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, and confusion. These signs indicate:
- Hypertensive crisis
- Anaphylaxis
- Hypovolemic shock (Correct answer)
- Hypoglycemia
Correct answer: Hypovolemic shock
Pale, cool, clammy skin with rapid weak pulse and altered mental status are classic signs of hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock.
Question 3: In an anaphylactic reaction, the medication of choice for initial emergency treatment is:
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Albuterol inhaler
- Epinephrine (auto-injector) (Correct answer)
- Methylprednisolone
Correct answer: Epinephrine (auto-injector)
Epinephrine (1:1000 IM) is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid bronchodilation and vasopressor effects.
Question 4: A patient has a suspected spinal injury after a fall. What is the priority intervention?
- Help the patient sit up to breathe easier
- Immobilize the spine and minimize movement (Correct answer)
- Perform the Heimlich maneuver
- Perform passive range-of-motion exercises
Correct answer: Immobilize the spine and minimize movement
Spinal immobilization and minimal movement are critical to prevent secondary spinal cord injury.
Question 5: For a chemical burn to the skin, the immediate treatment is to:
- Apply a neutralizing agent directly
- Cover with a dry sterile dressing
- Flush with large amounts of water for 15–20 minutes (Correct answer)
- Apply butter or oil to soothe the area
Correct answer: Flush with large amounts of water for 15–20 minutes
Flushing chemical burns with copious water for 15–20 minutes dilutes and removes the caustic agent.
Question 6: What does the acronym RICE stand for in musculoskeletal injury management?
- Rest, Immobilize, Compress, Elevate
- Reduce, Immobilize, Cool, Evaluate
- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (Correct answer)
- Realign, Ice, Cast, Exercise
Correct answer: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
RICE stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation, the standard initial management of sprains and strains.
CMT Emergency Response and First Aid 2
For a severe arterial bleed, the primary initial control measure is: