CMT CMT Research, Evidence-Based Practice & Music Therapy History 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The Nordoff-Robbins approach to music therapy is best characterized as:
- Receptive listening with pre-recorded music
- Creative music therapy using live, improvised music to engage the client's 'music child' (Correct answer)
- Structured behavior modification with musical reinforcers
- Neurological rehabilitation using rhythmic auditory stimulation
Correct answer: Creative music therapy using live, improvised music to engage the client's 'music child'
Nordoff-Robbins Creative Music Therapy uses live, improvised music to reach the innate musical responsiveness in every person, referred to as the 'music child.'
Question 2: In music therapy research, a 'within-group' design measures outcomes:
- By comparing two separate groups receiving different treatments
- By measuring the same participants before and after a music therapy intervention (Correct answer)
- By randomly assigning participants to music or non-music conditions
- By observing naturalistic behavior without any intervention
Correct answer: By measuring the same participants before and after a music therapy intervention
A within-group (pre-post) design measures the same participants at baseline and after intervention to assess change attributable to the treatment.
Question 3: The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) is classified within which level of Bruscia's music therapy continuum?
- Didactic
- Augmentative
- Intensive (Correct answer)
- Primary
Correct answer: Intensive
GIM is classified at the intensive level of practice because it involves deep psychological work and requires specialized advanced training beyond entry-level music therapy.
Question 4: Which outcome measure is specifically designed to assess quality of life in palliative care patients receiving music therapy?
- GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning)
- FACIT-Sp (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being) (Correct answer)
- MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination)
- HAM-A (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale)
Correct answer: FACIT-Sp (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being)
The FACIT-Sp measures spiritual well-being and quality of life domains highly relevant to palliative care, making it frequently used in end-of-life music therapy research.
Question 5: Formal music therapy education programs in the US became established at universities primarily after which historical period?
- The Civil War era (1860s)
- Post-World War II (late 1940s–1950s) (Correct answer)
- The Great Depression (1930s)
- The Cold War era (1960s–1970s)
Correct answer: Post-World War II (late 1940s–1950s)
University music therapy programs emerged in the late 1940s–1950s in response to the need for trained therapists to serve WWII veterans in VA hospitals.
Question 6: In clinical music therapy research, 'inter-rater reliability' refers to:
- The consistency of a measure across multiple testing occasions
- The degree of agreement between two or more independent raters scoring the same behavior (Correct answer)
- The correlation between a music therapy outcome and a non-musical outcome measure
- The internal consistency of items within a single assessment tool
Correct answer: The degree of agreement between two or more independent raters scoring the same behavior
Inter-rater reliability measures how consistently two or more independent observers score or rate the same clinical behavior or outcome.
CMT CMT Research, Evidence-Based Practice & Music Therapy History 2
The Nordoff-Robbins approach to music therapy is best characterized as: