Quality Control & Assurance Flashcards
7 cards from real CMS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Quality Control & Assurance flashcards as text
What is the main distinction between 'quality control' and 'quality assurance'?
Answer: Quality assurance focuses on process-level prevention; quality control focuses on product-level detection
Quality assurance is proactive, addressing process design and planning to prevent defects, while quality control is reactive, detecting defects in products.
Which corrective action tool requires teams to identify countermeasures, verify effectiveness, and prevent recurrence in a structured 8-step format?
Answer: 8D report
The 8D (Eight Disciplines) report is a structured problem-solving process requiring permanent corrective actions and recurrence prevention across eight disciplines.
In hypothesis testing for quality applications, a Type II error (β error) occurs when:
Answer: A true difference or shift is missed and the null hypothesis is not rejected
A Type II error is failing to detect a real difference (false negative), meaning the process has shifted but the test does not signal it.
During a process audit, an auditor finds that operators are following an outdated procedure. This finding is best classified as:
Answer: A minor nonconformance or observation depending on risk impact
Using an outdated procedure is typically a minor nonconformance or observation unless it has directly caused product nonconformity or poses serious risk.
Which of the following best describes a 'skip-lot' inspection plan?
Answer: Periodically skipping entire lots from inspection when a supplier's quality history is excellent
Skip-lot sampling reduces inspection frequency by passing entire lots without inspection when a supplier demonstrates consistently high quality.
The 'Voice of the Customer' (VOC) is translated into measurable engineering requirements using which quality tool?
Answer: Quality Function Deployment (QFD) / House of Quality
QFD's House of Quality matrix maps customer wants (VOC) to specific, measurable product or process characteristics (technical requirements).
A scatter diagram showing a strong positive correlation between oven temperature and defect rate most directly suggests:
Answer: Higher temperature is associated with more defects, warranting further investigation
Correlation indicates association, not causation; a strong positive correlation warrants a designed experiment to confirm whether temperature drives defects.