Quality Control & Assurance Flashcards

The Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) in acceptance sampling represents:

Answer: The maximum percent defective considered satisfactory as a process average

AQL is the maximum process average percent defective that is considered acceptable for purposes of sampling inspection.

A fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram is used primarily to:

Answer: Visually organize potential causes of a quality problem

Fishbone diagrams structure brainstorming by categorizing potential causes (e.g., Man, Machine, Method, Material) that contribute to an effect.

ISO 9001:2015 is built on which management principle that emphasizes understanding and managing interrelated activities as a system?

Answer: Process approach

The process approach principle requires managing interrelated processes as a system to achieve consistent and predictable results efficiently.

Which type of control chart is appropriate for monitoring the variability of a process when subgroup sizes are between 2 and 10?

Answer: X-bar and R chart

The X-bar and R chart is the standard choice for subgroup sizes of 2–10 because the range statistic is simple and effective for small samples.

In design of experiments (DOE), a full factorial 2³ design involves how many experimental runs (excluding replicates)?

Answer: 8

A 2³ full factorial design has 2 levels for each of 3 factors, yielding 2³ = 8 unique treatment combinations.

Which quality improvement concept focuses on eliminating sources of measurement variation BEFORE attempting to reduce process variation?

Answer: Measurement System Analysis (MSA)

MSA quantifies and addresses measurement system variation so that observed process variation reflects the true process, not gauge error.

A supplier submits a lot with 3% defectives. Under a standard AQL = 1.0% sampling plan, this lot will most likely be:

Answer: Rejected because 3% far exceeds the AQL

A lot at 3% defectives substantially exceeds an AQL of 1.0%, placing it well into the rejection region of the OC curve.