Industrial Materials & Metallurgy Flashcards
7 cards from real CMS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Industrial Materials & Metallurgy flashcards as text
Which heat treatment process involves heating steel above its critical temperature and then cooling it slowly in the furnace to reduce hardness and improve machinability?
Answer: Annealing
Annealing involves heating steel above its critical temperature and then furnace-cooling it slowly, which softens the metal and improves machinability.
What is the primary purpose of adding chromium to stainless steel?
Answer: Provide corrosion resistance through passive oxide layer
Chromium (minimum 10.5%) reacts with oxygen to form a thin, stable Cr₂O₃ passive layer on the steel surface that prevents corrosion.
A manufacturer needs a material with high strength-to-weight ratio for aerospace components. Which material family is most appropriate?
Answer: Titanium alloys
Titanium alloys offer exceptional strength-to-weight ratios and corrosion resistance, making them the preferred choice for aerospace structural components.
What does the Rockwell hardness test measure differently from the Brinell hardness test?
Answer: It measures the depth of penetration under a fixed load
Rockwell hardness measures the depth of indentation under a prescribed load, while Brinell measures the diameter of the indentation left by a hardened ball.
Which phase diagram feature indicates the temperature at which a single-phase liquid transforms directly into two solid phases simultaneously?
Answer: Eutectic point
The eutectic point is the specific temperature and composition at which a liquid transforms simultaneously into two distinct solid phases.
What manufacturing defect occurs when dissolved gases are trapped in molten metal during solidification, creating voids in the casting?
Answer: Porosity
Porosity is caused by dissolved gases (typically hydrogen) coming out of solution during solidification and becoming trapped as small voids in the casting.
Which type of composite material uses carbon fibers embedded in an epoxy resin matrix and is commonly used in high-performance structural applications?
Answer: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) combines high-strength carbon fibers in an epoxy matrix to produce lightweight, high-stiffness structural components.